1. Chapter 3 Kansas as a Crossroads
Invasion and Encounters

2. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Spanish
Came on horseback
Wore metal helmets and chain mail
Wealthy but wanted more
Heard story about 7 cities of gold
Lead him beyond New Mexico found no gold

3. Quivira Indian slave told Coronado the stories of Quivira
Wealthy city were common citizens ate on silver plates and were served from bowls of gold
Came to Kansas in search of it with 40 men
Encountered the Wichita where the only metal he found was a copper necklace worn by the Chief
Returned to Mexico disappointed
Lost his job in Spanish government
Put on trial for mistreatment of Native peoples (guilty)

4. French Exploration of Kansas
French Explorers
100 yrs after Coronado visited the Wichita
Came from Canada
Louis Jolliet placed the names “Kansas” and “Missouri” on the map for the 1st time
Never explored Kansas
French came to persuade Indians who lived here to form trade relationships with the French not Spanish

5. Claude Charles Du Tisne
Sent to contact Comanche
Comanche were very powerful
Had horses which help control the pains
Stole horses and mules to trade back to Spanish
Captured those from other tribes to sell as slaves
Failed to make contact with the Comanche
Did contact Osage and the Pawnee
Traded guns and ammo for info.
Alarmed Spanish because neither wanted the other to have control of Kansas

6. Etienne Veniard de Bourgmont
4yrs after Du Tisne
Sent to establish control of Kansas by relationship with Kansa and the Plains Apache
Got the Plains Apache to agree to peace with other tribes
Eventual the agreements fizzled because the French ran out of what the Indians wanted

7. Trading Kansas
Europeans came and claimed Kansas as their own telling the tribes to swear allegiance to the monarchy or royal family
Spain and France Traded Kansas back and forth with out consulting Natives
Violation of sovereign rights- authority based on the power of government

8. Trading Kansas Cont. Ruled from afar
Spanish
French
Ruled from afar
Were not allowed to trade guns and ammunition
Lived among the natives
Often married natives
Were allowed to trade guns and ammunition

9. Trading Kansas Cont. Europeans brought extra tension
Natives stole from each other
Sold each other into slavery
Brought Diseases with them
Smallpox
Measles
Whooping cough
Influenza
Entire villages dried up because of these diseases

10. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
Kansas was part of Louisiana Purchase
“The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri River…and other river[s which] may offer the most direct…water connection across the continent”
Establish relationship with Indians and record info about environment.
Traveled mostly by boat

11. Zebulon Pike 1st to travel the plains by land Objectives
Return 50 Osage
Peace between Osage and Kansa
Relationship with Comanche with help of Pawnee
Observe plants and animals
Spain was not happy about this

12. Zebulon Pike: A Desert
Unprepared for winter Pike was captured by Spain near the foot of the Rocky Mnts.
Held for several months
Documents were taken
Journal was not found
Described Kansas as a desert (p.52-53)
Made people wonder if Kansas could be cultivated

13. Stephen H. Long Objective Traveled by steamboat
Map the southwestern portion of the plains
Traveled by steamboat
Never actually made it to Kansas because of mud.
Some of his men were sent to KS
He went on to Nebraska

14. Stephen H. Long Cont.
1st to publish a U.S. atlas with state and territorial maps
Labeled KS the “Great Desert”
“almost wholly unfit for cultivation, and of course uninhabitable by people depending on agriculture for their subsistence.”
Influence U.S. settlement policy for years

21. Thirst for Land
Westward expansion was encouraged for fear of European invasion
Indian Removal Act
Moved Indian Tribes in the East west of the Mississippi.
Pres. Jackson felt Indians stood in the way of progress

22. Indian Relocation to Kansas
Even before the Removal Act, Kansas was considered a home for Indians from the east.
Some Americans like Isaac McCoy did fight for the Indians
Worried American influence would bring about the end of the Indian way of life
Wanted to create an Indian state were Indians would assimilate and convert to Christianity

23. Emigrant Indian Experience
Assigned to reservations
Relocation was difficult because every tribe was different.
Hunters
Farmers
Traders
A few even assimilated before removal
All were forced to leave some by military force
Because Kansas was unfamiliar many Native Americans did not survive in it.

24. Missionaries
During Indian relocation only non-Indians in KS worked for the government or traveled with the tribe
Missionaries
Traders
Indian agents

25. What Do You See?

26. What Do You See

27. Why the Difference?

28. Why the Difference?

29. Missionaries Cont. Set up schools Convert Indians
Teach vocational skills
Mixed reactions from Indians and public
Built by on reservation land
Usually supported by government funds negotiated in a treaty
Children often boarded at the school
May goal was to Americanize the Indian child

30. Santa Fe Trail William Bucknell Trader from Missouri
Out of money and looking to avoid jail time for debts decided to haul goods from Kansas City to Santa Fe.
Found a route that allowed for wagons not just pack mules

31. Santa Fe Trail cont. Important International trade route
William Walker
Wyandotte Chief
Rented warehouses in Independence, Missouri to store traded goods
Hiram Young
Former slave, bought his own freedom
Became wealthy by building wagons
Santa Fe Trail was a money maker for many
One woman gave Becknell a $60 and received $900 back.

32. Oregon-California Trail
Purpose was to move people not goods
Took emigrants 4-6 months to make the trip from Western Missouri to the West Coast
Only other way west was by sea around South America which took 1 yr.
2,000 mile journey most of which had to be walked
Used 4X10 box wagons. All supplies had to fit in the wagon
Food supplies
Four
Sugar
Salt
Coffee
Bacon
Needed over 1,000 pounds of food for the trip and may people over packed there wagons and had to leave personal belongings on the side of the road.

33. Supply and Demand Supply Demand
More supply = lower prices
Scarce supply = higher prices
Demand
High Demand= higher prices
Low Demand= lower prices
Farther traveled on the trail the higher prices were because supply was low and demand was high on many products.

34. American Indians and Emigrants on the Trails
More cases of cooperation between Native Americans and settlers than of attacks particularly in the early years of the trail
Santa Fe trail in Kansas
Passed through the homelands and hunting grounds of many tribes

35. American Indians and Emigrants on the Trails Cont.
Once traffic on trail began to disrupt Indian lives attacks began and Mexican and American military groups were sent to protect the wagons
Oregon-CaliforniaTrail
Most encounters were also peaceful
Settlers would trade with Indians specifically in the case of shoes settlers could purchase moccasins form indian.
Also stories of Indians helping to pull out stuck wagons and rounding up loose cattle for the settlers

36. Manifest Destiny
Belief that the United States should span from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans.
Land = potential wealth
People desired to take freedom west, to acquire land, and to expand.
In the first half of the 1800’s 4 million people followed this dream and moved west.