1. Topic 3: The Industrial Revolution (Chapter 25), Age of Democracy & Progress (Chapter 26), Age of Imperialism (Chapter 27), & Transformations Around the Globe (Chapter 28)

2. The Industrial Revolution

3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Farming in the Middle Ages:
Disadvantages:
Forces for change:
Graphic:
Enclosure Movement:
Crop Rotation:
Other Discoveries:
Results of the Agricultural Revolution:
Graphic:

4. Traditional/Pre-Industrial Society
Farming in the Middle Ages:
Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)
One of three fields left fallow (empty_ to regain fertility
Animals grazed in common pastures
Disadvantages:
Land use was inefficient
Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methods.
Forces for change:
Population growing- more food is needed
French blockade- no corn- more food is needed.

5. The Agricultural Revolution
Enclosure Movement:
Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology
Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer
Crop Rotation:
Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops
Fields not left inefficiently fallow.
Other Discoveries:
Seed drill planted seeds efficiently
New crops: Corn and potato
Results of the Agricultural Revolution:
More food available
Population increased

6. Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:
Capitalism:
Effects of the Cottage Industry:
Graphic:
Textile Industry Invented:
Rise of the Factory:
Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:
Graphic:

7. Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:
Supplied materials- wool and cotton- to cottages to be carded and spun
Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth
Merchants sell product for mote than material and labor costs= profit +larger investment= higher profit.
Capitalism:
An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit
Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism.
Effects of the Cottage Industry:
Big profits for new class of merchants
Alternative source of income for peasants

8. Shift from Cottage Industry to Factory Work

9. The Textile Industry and Factory System
Textile Industry Invented:
Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles
Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning
Power loom sped up weaving
Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton
Rise of the Factory:
New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories
Factories located new power source: coal, iron, water
Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:
Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand produced items
Britain’s textile industry increased enormously
‘Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories.

10. The Need for Energy:
How the Steam Engine Worked:
Effect of Steam Engine:
Graphic:
The Need for Iron:
The Need for Coal:
Effect of Iron and Coal:
Graphic:

11. Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
The Need for Energy:
Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills
Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power
How the Steam Engine Worked:
Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power
Effect of Steam Engine:
Steam Power, used wherever coal existed, increased textile production
Improved mining which increased metal which in turn fueled other industries

12. Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
The Need for Iron:
Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways
Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon
The Need for Coal:
Carbon necessary for smelting iron
Steam engines powered by coal
Effect of Iron and Coal:
Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined
Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy.

13. The Need for Better Transportation:
Inventions:
Effects of Railroads:
Graphic:
Geography:
Government:
Social Factors:
Colonial Empire:
Advantages of Industrializing First::

14. Transportation The Need for Better Transportation:
Increased production increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply
Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads
Inventions:
Stone and eventually asphalt roads
Canals
Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829
Effects of Railroads:
Expanded rapidly throughout Britain
Cheaper transportation increased production and profits
Railways fueled other industries: Coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products

15. Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

16. Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution
Geography:
Climate good for textile production
Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal
Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars
Government:
Internal trade encouraged
Population allowed to relocate
Helped build canals and roads
Social Factors:
British society less rigid than other European countries
Colonial Empire:
Supplied raw material for manufactured goods
Provided market for goods
Advantages of Industrializing First:
No other countries competing for manufactured goods
Monopoly on technology

19. Sensory Figures What do I see? What do I hear? What do I feel?
What do I say?
What do I smell?
What do I touch?

20. Large population increase Political Stability
Expanding economy
Large population increase
Political Stability
Industry Develops in Great Britain
Many natural resources
Factors of production
Creativity & new inventions
Highly developed banking systems
Causes
Effects
Enclosure Movement
New agricultural methods
Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to cities
Crop Rotation
No more exhausted farm land
Inventions in Textiles
Took spinning & weaving out of house and into factories
Transportation Improvements
Steam engine, steamboat, road transportation, & locomotive
Railroads
Increased industrial growth, boosted agricultural & fishing industry, thousands of new jobs, & travel made easier (country to city)

21. Upper Class: rich entrepreneurs, factory owners, merchants, bankers Upper Middle Class: Government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers of factories Lower Middle Class: factory overseers, skilled workers, printers Working Class: Laborers

22. Industrial Changes Positive Effects Earn higher wages Better food
Heat homes (could afford it)
Better food
Better clothing
Created jobs
England’s economy grew
Negative Effects
Living conditions
Working conditions
Alcoholism
Class tensions
Domestic violence inc.
Pollution

23. Section 4: Reform and Economics
The pamphlet I co-authored is called ___________
The economic policy I support is
___________
My book is called __________
The economic policy I support is
____________.
The Wealth of Nations
Communist Manifesto
Capitalism
Socialism

25. Britain’s Steps Toward Democracy
Chapter 26

26. Removal of religious restrictions Trade unions legalized
Vote extended to most male property owners
Redistribution of seats in House of commons
Slavery abolished in Britain and British colonies
1830s
Removal of religious restrictions
Trade unions legalized
1820s
Fewer than 5% of the population has the right to vote
Politics dominated by wealthy men
Religious restrictions on voting and holding office
Rotten boroughs
1815

27. Vote extended to include most men Secret ballot introduced
Reforms in public housing & health
1880s
Free elementary education for all children
1870
1867
Vote extended to working-class men

28. Vote extended to all women
1928
Vote extended to all women
1918
Vote extended to women over 30
Restrictions on power of the House of Lords
1911

29. Women Demand the Vote! When? Where? Organizations? Accomplishments?
Britain
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)
organized the movement
brought attention to the cause
success was gradual, right to vote does not come until after WWI

30. Definition: prejudice against Jews
Anti-Semitism
Definition: prejudice against Jews
The Dreyfus Affair- Jewish Officer Dreyfus, France, accused of selling military secrets to Germany- found guilty, but evidence shows he was framed
Leads to widespread anti- Semitism in Europe- pogroms
Rise of Zionism- movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
An anti-Dreyfus poster: Jews are being driven out of France. The caption reads: "Long live France! Long live the Army! Down with the Jews! Death to the traitors!" The poster also calls for a boycott of Jewish shops.

31. Chartist Movement What? Where? When? Accomplishments?
What?
Where?
When?
Accomplishments?
19th-century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men.
Britain
19th-century (1838)
By the early 1900s: Suffrage for all men & secret ballot

32. Charles Darwin Who? Ideas? When? Accomplishments?
Who?
Ideas?
When?
Accomplishments?
English Naturalist (Scientist)
Survival of the Fittest
Theory of Evolution
Late 19th-century
Wrote book: The Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)

33. Overview of Imperialism

34. Imperialists Divide Africa
Make a Web of the Factors Enabling the Scramble for Africa
Military Force: Better Technology
Racism: Social Darwinism
Railways and Steam Engines: travel inland
Cultural and Language Diversity: over 1000 languages
Need Raw Materials to Industrialize: diamonds, gold, ivory
Ethnic and Tribal Problems and Rivalries

35. Berlin
Conference
Laid rules for dividing Africa b/t Europeans (NO African leaders)
Divided with NO REGARD to native culture, language, or ethnicity
Carved Africa into pieces (only 2 left independent)

36. 3 Groups Clash in South Africa Boers Zulus British Boer War:
Dutch Settlers
Largest tribe in S. Africa
Cape Colony Slave Trade Invade Lands
Boer War:
Dutch and British fight over diamonds and gold
British win and control South Africa

38. Later: poor economy, weak leaders, weak nationalism
Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
Review of Ottoman Empire:
Capture Constantinople from the Byzantines in 1451
Convert the church Hagia Sophia into a mosque
Suleiman the Lawgiver- expanded the empire and created a highly structured government
Culture flourishes under Suleiman’s leadership
Later: poor economy, weak leaders, weak nationalism
Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.
Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization.
Suez Canal
Persia falls to economic imperialism.
GEOPOLITICS
Ottoman Empire tries to reform but fails.
Geography Application

39. Wanted access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
Motives
Actions
Russia
Wanted access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
Took territories from Persia by force
Britain
Wanted Afghanistan as a barrier between Russia and India
Took Afghanistan by force
Persia
Wanted to raise capital to develop resources
Sold concessions to Europe
Which two bodies of water are joined by the Suez Canal?
Why was the building of this canal important?
Where is the canal?

41. Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe
Japan
&
China

42. China Responds to Pressure from The West
Internal Problems
External Problems
Overpopulation
Foreign Influence
Became Sphere of Influence to many European Powers & US
Widespread Hunger
Opium Addiction
1830
1839
Opium War
1900
1842
Treaty of Nanjing
Taiping
Rebellion
1899
Open Door
Policy
Boxer
Rebellion

43. China and Japan Respond to Imperialism Open Door Opium War
Matthew Perry
Meiji Era
Boxer Rebellion

44. 1839 Britain British French 1853 1899 US 1900 Event Date
Foreign Powers
Causes of Event
Effects of Event
Changes Made in China
The Opium Wars
The Taiping Rebellion
The US Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion
Chinese addiction to
opium
B refuse to stop trading opium with Chinese
C defeated
Extraterritorial
rights
Treaty of Nanjing-Hong Kong
1839
Britain
20 mil. Chinese died
Short lived Taiping Govt.
Inc. foreign pressure
British
French
China’s poverty
1853
US fears of external forces colonizing China
Protected US
trading rights
Prevented C from
being colonized
Inc. foreign
presence
1899 US
Nationalism
Established
Constitutional
government
US &
European
Nations
Frustration w/foreigners
poverty
Reform
movements
1900

45. to pressure from the West
China resists foreign influence 1
China Responds
to pressure from the West 2
China falls to foreign influence
China rebels against foreign influence 3

47. Opium Addiction

48. Open Door Policy

49. The Boxer Rebellion
1900

51. Japan

52. Japan Under Shogun Rule
After AD 1000 Japan became increasingly feudalized, with various regions controlled by lords who retained samurai (warrior noblemen) to protect them and their property. In the late 12th century, the Minamoto family, led by Yoritomo, was one of the most powerful bands of samurai. After Yoritomo defeated a strong rival clan, the emperor of Japan gave Yoritomo the title of shogun (military commander in chief). The military form of government in Japan, known as the shogunate, survived through several dynasties until its demise in 1867.

53. Japanese Samurai in Armor
A distinct social class, the samurai served powerful chiefs called shoguns, who ruled Japan from the 12th century until The samurai lived by a rigid code of conduct called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” which encompassed ideals of loyalty and sacrifice.

55. Japanese Feudal Society
Emperor- No Power
Shogun- Actual Ruler
Daimyo- Landowners
Samurai- defenders
Peasants, Artisans, Merchants

56. Historical Turning Point
Commodore Perry
1854

57. Japan Reacts to Foreigners
Before
After
Portuguese arrive in Japan (1543)
Spanish, Dutch, and English traders arrive
Japan acquires knowledge of European weapons and ideas
Christian missionaries arrive
Japan fears presence of missionaries will bring conquest by Western powers
Japan suspects Japanese Christians will be loyal to Church instead of nation.
Japan expels missionaries, persecutes Japanese Christians
Japan bars Western merchants and bans foreign travel
Foreign trade severely limited
Japan’s only contact with the West comes through annual visit of a few Dutch merchant ships
Internal trade booms
Cities Grow
Japan is forced to reopen relations with the West (1853)
Japan Shuts the Door
(Early 1600s)

58. Emperor Meiji:
Meiji
Resortation
Japan
Industrializes

59. odernization W
esternization
MEIJI
mperialism
apan
ndustrialization

60. Meiji Era Meiji Era Industrialized Universal public education
Increased coal production
Meiji Era
Meiji Era
RR (1872)
Strong centralized government
Studied Western ways
Modernized military

61. China Japan Both Remains committed to traditional values
Modernization
Imperialism
Abolished extraterritorial rights
Claimed feudal lands for government
Forced Korean ports to open
Studied Western ways
Fought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars
Industrialized
Annexed Korea
China
Japan
Both
Remains committed to traditional values
Loses numerous territorial conflicts
Grants other nations spheres of influence within China
Finally accepts necessity for reform
Considers modernization to be necessary
Borrows and adapts Western ways
Strengthens its economic and military power
Becomes an empire builder
Have well-established traditional values
Initially resist change
Oppose Western imperialism

62. Meiji Changes 1. Military Forces: 2. Military Technology:
From To
2. Military Technology:
3. Ruler (s):
4. Political System:
Imperial Japanese Army
Well-trained
Well-armed
Strongest military power in Asia
samurai
Modernized (modeled German
Army & British navy)
Primitive
Mutsuhito (Emperor)
Tokugawa Shogun
Emperor (Centralized
Government)
Military dictatorship

63. Meiji Changes 5. People’s Participation in Gov’t.: 6. Economy:
From To
6. Economy:
7. Industry:
Constitution (Representation)
None
Modern World Market (Industrial)
Isolated
Industrial (RR’s, factories, ship building, etc.)
Tea processing & Silk production

64. Meiji Changes 8. Education: 9. Gender Roles: 10. Land Ownership:
From To
9. Gender Roles:
10. Land Ownership:
11. Cultural Pursuits:
Universal Public Education
No standards
Tough restrictions (Women escorted when travel)
Women: Some rts. But segregates facilities
Feudal
Nobility controlled (wealth)
Discover Western ways
Isolationism

65. Other Asian Nations (AKA China)
Japan (and Thailand)
Other Asian Nations (AKA China)
Resisted Western influence
Western experts came in to represent Western companies
Had weak governments
Faced power struggles within governments
Western investors controlled economies
Westerners built and owned railroads
Westerners developed and controlled ports
Economies depended on one crop or resource
Retained old social systems
Learned from the West, Sent people to study in the West
Invited Western experts to aid in development
Had strong central governments
Had well-organized bureaucracies
Adopted Western business and banking methods
Built railroads
Improved ports
Developed industry- factories became organized into monopolies
Introduced social reform

66. Latin America

67. Latin America After Independence:
Majority of Latin American nations remained poor
Latin Americans often worked for large landowners (workers went into debt)
Rise of military dictators (Caudillos)
Latin Americans lacked a voice in government
Debt was passed on from generation to generation (generational poverty)
Unequal distribution of wealth and land in Latin America prevented social and economic development

68. Latin America & Foreign Influence
Britain & US main trading partners
Not self-sufficient
Borrowed money from foreign countries (unable to pay back loans)
Foreign lenders threatened to take facilities that they funded by force (increased foreign presence)
New age of economic colonialism emerged in Latin America

69. The US & Latin America
Why did the US have an interest in Latin America other than for money?
 The security of the US depended on the security of Latin America.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
 Document created by President James Monroe in 1823 that stated that, “the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”
How was the Panama Canal built & what was America’s role in its creation?
 The US encouraged and supported Panama to fight for independence from Columbia. As a result the US was given the rights to connect the Pacific & Atlantic Oceans by way of the Panama Canal. It opened in 1914.

70. The Roosevelt Corollary
Created in 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary to protect the economic interests of the US in Latin America.
It stated that the Corollary gave the US the right to be an, “international police power in the Western Hemisphere.”

77. President Theodore Roosevelt
“Walk quietly & carry a big stick…”

78. Mexican Revolution
Flag_of_Mexico.svg‎ (SVG file, nominally 1400 × 800 pixels, file size: 524 KB)

79. Mexican Revolutionary Leaders
Major Accomplishment
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Benito Juarez
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco Madero
Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
Venustiano Carranza
1833 Mexican President
Started Liberal reform movement
RR’s, banks, currency stabilized, & foreign investments
Ousted Diaz/Called for democracy
“Land & Liberty”
Robin hood policy
Adopted present day constitution & ended civil war

80. China Japan Latin America
Form of Imperialism Encountered
Sphere of influence
Concessions to Imperialist Powers
Internal Problems
Modernizing Effort
Impact of Imperialism
Sphere of influence
Economic Imperialism
End of isolationism
Hong Kong
Panama Canal
Overpopulation
Widespread hunger
Opium Addiction
Lack of industrialization
People in debt
Poverty
Need for resources
Lack of technology
feudal lands for govt.
Studied western ways
Industrialized
Sent citizens abroad to study Western govts.
Panama Canal
Meiji Restoration
Industrialized
Adopted Western ways
US dominant force in Latin America
Creation of constitutional government