1. THE JEFFERSON ADMINISTRATION

2. ELECTION OF 1800 Resulted in a tie between Jefferson and Burr
Decided in the House of Representatives
Adams lost because of a split in the Federalist party

3. 12th AMENDMENT
Requires electors to vote for president and vice-president on separate ballots

4. 12th AMENDMENT Instead of : ADAMS PINCKNEY BURR JEFFERSON
All running for Pres.
Now:
President….
ADAMS
JEFFERSON
Vice President…
BURR
PINCKNEY

6. GOALS OF THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANS
Calm political storms
Consolidate victory
Purge Federalist influences from the federal government
Dismantle the Federalist war program
Reduce the size of the federal government and the national debt

7. REDUCE THE SIZE OF GOVERNMENT BY…
Allowing the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire
Repealing Naturalization Act
Reducing the size of the army and navy
Repealing federal internal taxes
Cutting federal spending

9. BUILDING AN AGRARIAN EMPIRE
Jefferson believed that REPUBLICANISM (equality) could be destroyed by economic and social development; rapid western expansion would help preserve equality in America. The future of the country lay in the yeoman farmer (not to mention Jefferson’s political support).

11. WESTERN EXPANSION
Secure western borders to protect against England, France, and Spain
Secure the food supply
Sale of public land would decrease national debt
New western states would strengthen Jefferson’s political base

12. THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM
After Jefferson was elected (but before he took office), Adams appointed hundreds of federal judges under the Judiciary Act of He also appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. These actions assured Federalist control of the court system.

13. THE MARSHALL COURT MARBURY v. MADISON McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND
GIBBONS v. OGDEN

14. MARBURY v. MADISON
ESTABLISHED THE PRINCIPLE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

15. JUDICIAL REVIEW The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution MUST be followed.

16. MARBURY v. MADISON
The judicial branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution.
IT IS THE DUTY OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH TO DETERMINE WHEN A FEDERAL LAW CONFLICTS WITH THE CONSTITUTION AND cancel unconstitutional laws.

18. McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND Broad Congressional authority
Held that the ELASTIC CLAUSE allows the Congress to do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to do.

19. GIBBONS v. OGDEN
Federal law supercedes state law in interstate transportation.

20. REGIONALISM IN 1800
NORTHEAST—
SMALL FAMILY FARMS

21. SOUTH—
With the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793, southern plantations began growing less tobacco and more cotton.

22. WESTWARD EXPANSION Louisiana purchase
Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery
Zebulon Pike
Military posts established
1801 Land Act

23. LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1800—Louisiana territory belonged to Spain
1802—Spain refused to allow Americans to ship goods down the Mississippi River or trade in New Orleans.
1802—Spain gave Louisiana territory back to France.

24. The French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, wanted to create an American empire from a base in the French colony of Santo Domingo. A slave revolt (inspired by the French revolution), led to independence for the colony (now Haiti). Napoleon now had no use for Louisiana.

25. Napoleon needed to raise money to finance the war he was planning against Britain, so he decided to sell the Louisiana territory to the U.S.

26. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
1803
James Monroe was sent to France to make the purchase from foreign minister Talleyrand.
$15 million
Doubled the size of the U.S.
Jefferson worried that the purchase might be unconstitutional.

28. LEWIS AND CLARK AND THE CORPS OF DISCOVERY
GOALS—
1. Make contact with the Native population.
2. Establish the fur trade.
3. Bring back scientific information.

29. Lewis and Clark explored the center of North America, from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, north of Spanish territory. They were helped by Sacajawea.

30. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE EXPEDITION
Collected valuable information on people, plants, animals, and the geography of the West.
Provided inspiration to a nation of people eager to move westward.

32. ZEBULON PIKE
1805 AND 1806—explored the sources of the Mississippi River and the southern Rocky Mountain (Pike’s Peak).

33. MILITARY POSTS ESTABLISHED
To secure the frontier
Promote the fur trade
Support white settlement

34. GOALS OF JEFFERSON’S LAND POLICY
Produce revenue to reduce the national debt
Settle people quickly on federal land
1801 Land Act—increase the purchase of federal land by 4x.

35. GOALS OF JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY
Protect America’s interests on the high seas
Secure America’s western territories against foreign threats
Break free from dependence on Europe

36. PRINCIPLES OF JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY
No entangling alliances with Europe
Overseas commerce emphasized (import and export)
Most importantly, MAINTAIN PEACE!

37. Why did Jefferson think it was important to maintain peace?
According to Jefferson, war inflames politics, stifles free speech, increases the national debt, and expands governmental power.

38. In 1803, war resumed in Europe. The U. S
In 1803, war resumed in Europe. The U.S. attempted to maintain neutrality, but Britain began seizing American ships and impressing American sailors.

39. AMERICAN ATTEMPTS TO MAINTAIN NEUTRALITY
Non-Importation Act (1806)—prohibited the importation of British goods; the British replied by blockading the European coast and cutting off American trade to European nations.

40. 1807—British warship attacked an American ship (Leopard vs
1807—British warship attacked an American ship (Leopard vs. Chesapeake), killing American crew members. To avoid war, Jefferson withdrew American ships from the Atlantic and the Embargo Act (1807) was passed.

41. EMBARGO ACT
American vessels were forbidden from sailing to foreign ports.
Had little effect on Britain
Was a severe blow to American commerce
Many Americans ignored the embargo
Federalist party made a comeback because of the economic effect of the embargo

43. JEFFERSON’S FAILURES Embargo caused severe economic problems
Failed to solve international problems
Commitment to minimal government left the country militarily unprepared.

44. JEFFERSON’S SUCCESSES
Lower taxes and national debt
Smaller government
Open doors to immigrants
Peace
Louisiana purchase

45. Thomas Jefferson followed the precedent set by George Washington and stepped aside after serving two terms as president.

46. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the same day—
July 4, 1826
on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.