1. Taxonomy and Classification

2. Taxonomy – What is it?
Branch of biology dealing with the identification, naming and classification of organisms

3. Questions What does it mean to classify things?
What types of things are classified?
Why do scientists classify organisms?

4. Why Use Taxonomy? Categorizes organisms to:
show ancestor-descendent relationships
show “relatedness” & similarity

5. Cladogram

6. Cladogram – Shows:
a.) relatedness of species
b.) evolutionary history

8. Why scientific names?
Q. What is the largest wild feline (cat) in the US?
Mountain Lion
Cougar
Panther
Puma
Catamount

9. All of the above
Puma concolor

10. Why scientific names? (cont)
Common names vary by region
Scientists need to be clear when referring to living things

11. Organization of Living Things
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

12. Mnemonic Device “Dear King Philip Crossed Oceans For Good Sushi” Or
“Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”

14. Classification Kingdom (Animalia) Phylum (Chordata) Class (Mammalia)
Order (Primates)
Family (Hominidae)
Genus (Homo)
Species (sapiens)

15. Before: Aristotle: Greek philosopher (394-322 B.C.) classified
organisms as
either
plants or
animals.

16. Carolus Linnaeus Swedish naturalist (1707-1778)
Broadened Aristotle’s Classification
System - known as the
Binomial Nomenclature
& it is still valid today!

17. Naming Organisms Binomial Nomenclature: 2 part naming system
Ex: Homo sapiens
Scientific name for humans

18. Binomial Nomenclature:
First word = Genus name and must be Capitalized
Second Word = species name and must be lower-case
Both are underlined or written in italicized.

19. DICHOTOMOUS KEY
Tool used to identify things based on characteristics

20. Domain:
The broadest category used by most biologists.

21. 3 Domains
Domain Bacteria-members are prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan.

22. Domain Bacteria Some are: Aerobic: need oxygen
Anaerobic: die in presence of oxygen
Autotrophic: produce own food
Heterotrophic: get nutrition from other organisms

23. Shapes: Cocci – circular shaped Bacillus – rod shaped
Spirilla – like a cork screw

24. More bacteria in your body than there are people in the world!
AND
Good bacteria is called normal flora!

25. Domain Archaea: Domain Archaea-prokaryotes but more ancient
“extremophiles” can live in extreme
conditions.

26. Domain Archaea Found in: Boiling hot springs Salty lakes Thermal vents
Mud of marches (lack oxygen)

27. Domain Eukarya:
3. Domain Eukarya- members include organisms from Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, & Kingdom Animalia.

28. Domain Eukarya: Cells are eukaryotic: Contain a nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Can be unicellular or multicellular.

29. Taxonomic Systems Used to be a 5 Kingdom System
Now there is a 6 Kingdom System

30. 5 Kingdom System: OLD system

31. 6 Kingdom System

32. What’s In Each Kingdom? Archaebacteria Unicellular (one cell)
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Live in extreme conditions

33. Archaebacteria
Hot spring pool

34. Kingdoms (cont.) Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic Common bacteria
Major
Decomposers

35. Classified: Eubacteria are classified by: Shape Need for oxygen
Whether or not they cause disease

36. Eubacteria
Yersinia pestis (plague)
Life on a kitchen sponge

37. Kingdoms (cont.) Protist Unicellular & multicellular
Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
Biological “junk-drawer”
Not an animal, plant or fungus (lack 1 or more traits)

38. Kingdoms (cont.) Categorized by how they get their food: Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Detritivores

39. Protista
Volvox
Campanella
Spyrogyra
Amoeba

40. Protists: Can be microscopic or very large.
Can reproduce asexually or both sexually and asexually.

41. Kingdoms (cont.) Fungi Multicelluar & Eukaryotic
Live in decaying organisms or soil (detritivores)
Absorb nutrients from other organisms
Mushrooms, single-celled Yeast & Molds

42. Fungi
“Budding” yeast

43. Kingdoms (cont.) Plant Multicellular & Eukaryotic
Autotrophic (make own food, photosynthesis)
Aquatic & Terrestrial
Cell wall contains cellulose
Can reproduce sexually or asexually

44. Plantae

45. Kingdoms (cont.) Animal Multicellular & Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic (can’t make own food)
Aquatic & Terrestrial
Most motile at some point in life cycle

46. Kingdoms (cont.)
Cells are supported by collagen –protein unique to animals.
All reproduce sexually.

47. Animalia