1. Classification

2. TAXONOMY
Branch of biology that names & groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history

3. What are some problems with this system?
Aristotle ( BC)
Made the first recorded attempt at classification over 2000 years ago.
Grouped all living things into two categories:
Animals
Plants
What are some problems with this system?

4. LINNAEUS
Developed a system to fix the problems with Aristotle’s method
To classify organisms, their PHYLOGENY, or evolutionary history, should be considered.
7 levels of classification

5. Phylogenetic Tree

6. Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are—from largest—smallest
Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are—from largest—smallest
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category.

7. The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

8. phylum - the subsets of kingdom.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

9. class, the subsets of phylum.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

10. An order is a broad category composed of the subsets of class.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

11. family, the subsets of order.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

12. Species and genus are the two smallest categories.
Genus is each subset within a family
Species is each subset within a genus
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

13. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake
Sea star
Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification uses seven taxonomic categories. This illustration shows how a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, is grouped within each taxonomic category. Only some representative species are illustrated for each category above the species level.

15. *King Philip Came Over From Great Spain*

16. The classification for humans:
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum-Chordata (subphylum vertebrata)
Class-Mammalia
Order-Primate
Family-Hominidae

17. Genus-Homo
Species-sapiens
Why are Homo & sapiens written in italics?????

18. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Linnaeus also developed a 2 name (SPECIES NAME) system of naming organisms.
The species name has 2 parts. The 1st word is the GENUS & the 2nd is the SPECIES.
The 1st letter of the genus name is always capitalized. The species name is all lower-case letters.
Scientific names should be written in italics or underlined.
Homo sapiens (or Homo sapiens) is the scientific name for humans.

19. Practice… Write the following scientific names correctly:
BISON BISON (a buffalo)
PANTHERA LEO (a lion)
CARETTA CARETTA (a loggerhead sea turtle)

20. Check yourself… Bison bison or Bison bison
Panthera leo or Panthera leo
Caretta caretta or Caretta Caretta
*Please do not try to write in italics on your quiz/test. It is too difficult for me to tell that you meant it to be that way. Underline instead.*

21. The Six-Kingdom System of Classification includes:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

22. The Six Kingdom System 1. ARCHAEBACTERIA “ancient bacteria”
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Live in hostile environments
Auto- and heterotrophic
Reproduce by binary fission
Can have a cell wall containing peptidoglycan
Some have flagella

23. 2. EUBACTERIA “true bacteria” Prokaryotic Unicellular Common today
Cause disease/decay
Found almost everywhere
Auto- & heterotrophic
Reproduce by binary fission
Can have cell walls with peptidoglycan
Can have flagella

24. *The archaebacteria and eubacteria used to be grouped together as MONERANS.

25. The Three-Domain System
The domain is a more inclusive category than any other—larger than a kingdom.
The three domains are:
Eukarya, which is composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria.
Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria.

26. 3. PROTISTA Eukaryotic Uni- & multicellular Auto- & heterotrophic
“junk drawer”
Some move, some don’t
Can have cell walls with cellulose
Examples-euglena, amoebas, giant kelp

27. 4. FUNGI Eukaryotic Uni- & multicellular
Heterotrophic…NO FUNGI DO NOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD!!!!!!!!
Don’t move
Cell walls with chitin
Examples-yeast, mushrooms, molds

28. 5. PLANTAE Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Don’t move
Cell walls have cellulose

29. 6. ANIMALIA Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic
Some can move, but not all
No cell walls

30. Use this chart for the basics…