1. Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 17
Topic: 9.4 Genetic Engineering
Essential Question:
Why is the offspring of asexual reproduction a clone?
9.4 Genetic Engineering
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Why is the offspring of asexual reproduction a clone?
KEY CONCEPT DNA sequences of organisms can be changed.

2. Click and Clone Questions
Please copy down the questions on p.16. Leave room for the answers.
Click and Clone Questions
What two types of cells do you need in order to create a clone?
How many organisms does it take to make a clone?
Which two mice will be genetically identical?
Will the clone always look and act identical to its genetic donor?

3. KEY CONCEPT DNA sequences of organisms can be changed.
CC= Copy Cat or Carbon Copy

4. Entire organisms can be cloned.
A clone is a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism.
Born Dec 22, 2001 after 86 unsuccessful tries
CC- The first cloned cat

5. Cloning occurs in nature.
bacteria (binary fission- makes a copy of itself)
some simple animals and plants (budding, regeneration)
Identical twins

6. Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer.
nucleus is removed from an egg cell
nucleus of a cell from the animal to be cloned is implanted in the donor egg

7. Clone Mimi the Mouse

8. Click and Clone Questions
What two types of cells do you need in order to create a clone?
How many organisms does it take to make a clone?
Which two mice will be genetically identical?
Will the clone always look and act identical to its genetic donor?

9. Click and Clone Questions
What two types of cells do you need in order to create a clone?
Somatic cell and egg cell
2. How many organisms does it take to make a clone?
3: Somatic cell donor (who we are cloning), egg donor, and surrogate mother (who carries the baby)
3. Which two mice will be genetically identical?
The somatic cell donor and the clone
4. Will the clone always look and act identical to its genetic donor?
No. The behavior may be very different from the original.

10. Ch. 9 Study Guide
Please get a Ch. 9 Study Guide and an Eyes of Nye: Cloning Worksheet
Study Guide due Friday- NO LATE SGs accepted!
16 ?s on test
Focus on ***Starred*** parts

11. Review

12. Dolly and her lamb Bonny
MEET DOLLY
In 1996 Dolly became the first mammal to be cloned using an adult somatic (body) cell. She was born on the 277th try.
Dolly and her lamb Bonny
Did you know?
She was derived from a mammary gland
She was named after Dolly Parton

13. Known animals to have been cloned as of 2012:
Carp (fish)
Cat
Pig
Cattle
Pyrenean ibex (type of goat)
Deer
*first extinct animal to be cloned- only lived 7 mins
Dog
Ferret
Rabbit
Frog (tadpole)
Rat
Fruit Flies
Rhesus Monkey
Gaur (wild cattle)
Sheep
Goat
Water Buffalo
Horse
Wolf
Mice
Mouflon (wild sheep)
Mule

14. benefits
organs for transplant into humans
save endangered species
concerns
low success rate (approx. 1-3 % are successful)
clones “imperfect” and less healthy than original animal
decreased biodiversity

15. Issues with Dolly
She developed and grew normally, but she had health problems
Did not live as long as typical sheep

16. Pet owners expecting to clone an exact copy of their furry friend will be disappointed…
*CC does not have the health issues normally associated with other clones.
May not look, act, or behave like the original. Likely to have health issues, and a shorter life span.

17. Cloning in movies and books
The Island (2005)
People on the island are told what to eat, wear, and how to act.
They are clones. Held prisoner to be used for spare parts or as surrogates
The Boys from Brazil
After WWII, Nazis create 94 Hitler clones in hopes that one will grow up to be like the original Hitler and create a fourth Reich

18. The Eyes of Nye: Cloning
Please answer the questions as the video plays
You will be writing an essay about EITHER
Genetically Engineering humans (think GATTACA)
Pros/Cons OR
The ethics behind cloning humans

19. Table Talk- Eyes of Nye: Cloning
Benefits of cloning (full organisms or only genes)?
Concerns of cloning?
Discuss the PROBLEMS with cloning humans.
Think success rate
Health of clones
Be ready to share out with the class

20. The Clone Age
When watching the video, please consider the advantages and disadvantages of cloning humans.
Religion
Medical advances
Ethics
Health of human clones

21. The Clone Age Questions
1. What types of cloning occur naturally in nature?
What are a few of the concerns with cloning?
Please write a paragraph explaining the pros and cons of human cloning in your opinion.

22. 1. What types of cloning occur naturally in nature?
The Clone Age Answers
1. What types of cloning occur naturally in nature?
bacteria (binary fission- makes a copy of itself)
some simple animals and plants (budding, regeneration)
Identical twins
2. What are a few of the concerns with cloning?
low success rate (approx. 1-3 % are successful)
clones “imperfect” and less healthy than original animal
decreased biodiversity

23. Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 19
Topic: 9.4 Genetic Engineering
Essential Question:
Explain how recombinant DNA is used to make transgenic organisms.
9.4 Genetic Engineering
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Explain how recombinant DNA is used to make transgenic organisms.

24. Divide pg. 18 into 3 sections

25. Open your biology book to page 225, and on the top section of pg
Open your biology book to page 225, and on the top section of pg. 18 write a paragraph explaining how genetic engineering is responsible for making this mouse glow.

26. The mouse’s green glow comes from the green fluorescent protein GFP
The mouse’s green glow comes from the green fluorescent protein GFP. Scientists put a gene from a glowing jellyfish into a virus that was allowed to infect a mouse egg. The jellyfish gene became part of the mouse’s genes. As a result the mouse cells produce the same protein.

27. Table Talk
What do you think genetic engineering involves?
Examples?
What sorts of things can we genetically engineer?
Plants
Animals
Bacteria

28. Genetic engineering involves changing an organism’s DNA to give it new traits by inserting cloned genes from one organism into a different organism.
Possible because the genetic code is shared by all organisms (all living things share the same 4 nucleotides A,T,C,G)

29. Draw/label /color code on pg. 19 (small)
Genetic engineering uses Recombinant DNA which is DNA that contains genes from more than one organism.
Foreign DNA
Draw/label /color code on pg. 19 (small)
Original DNA

30. 1. restriction enzymes cut plasmid and foreign DNA
Bacterial plasmids are often used to make recombinant DNA. Plasmids are closed loops of DNA found in bacteria
1. restriction enzymes cut plasmid and foreign DNA
2. foreign gene inserted into plasmid
3. Plasmid put into bacteria
4. Bacteria will multiply
*Result: New proteins will be expressed in the bacteria!
(bacterial DNA)

31. Genetic engineering produces organisms with new traits!
A transgenic organism has one or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome.

32. Jurassic Park Questions
Why does Dr. Grant need a drop of blood from Dr. Grant?
What is inaccurate about the cloning of Dr. Grant?
How do the Jurassic Park scientists manipulate the dinosaur DNA to make transgenic dinosaurs?
What type of egg do they use to allow the dinosaurs to develop in? (Very quiet, in the background)
Do we need a surrogate?
Why were the dinosaurs unable to breed?

33. Why does Dr. Grant need a drop of blood from Dr. Grant?
To extract DNA from
What is inaccurate about the cloning of Dr. Grant?
A real clone would not be the same age, it would be a baby
How do the Jurassic Park scientists manipulate the dinosaur DNA to make transgenic dinosaurs?
They fill in the “gaps” in the dinosaur DNA with frog DNA
What type of egg do they use to allow the dinosaurs to develop in? (Very quiet, in the background)
They use unfertilized ostrich eggs (This is why there is no need for a surrogate.
Do we need a surrogate?
No. Just the egg donor (ostrich) and DNA from the animal
Why were the dinosaurs unable to breed?
They were all female.

34. Divide the rest of pg. 19 into 3 sections: (Tree Map formation)
Transgenic
Animals
Transgenic
Bacteria
Transgenic
Plants
What are they produced for?
Real life Examples

35. Transgenic animals are used to study diseases and gene functions.
*The hope is to treat/cure diseases in humans
Hard to produce!
Must get a fertilized egg-insert the foreign DNA back into female
Only a small % of these will mature normally
Only some will be transgenic

36. The animals that are transgenic will have the foreign gene as part of their DNA
*Gene will be in ALL of their cells, including the sperm/egg, and therefore they can pass it on to their offspring

37. Transgenic bacteria can be used to produce many useful chemicals
Cancer drugs
Pesticides
Insulin
*Ex: Insulin is made by introducing human recombinant DNA into a plasmid allowing it to multiply
It is then collected and used to treat people with diabetes

38. *Bacteria used to produce artificial sweeteners
Aspartame- Widely used artificial sweetener
Diet soda
Sugar-free gum and candy
Sugar-free desserts
Sugar-free condiments

39. Transgenic plants
transgenic bacteria infect a plant
many crops are now genetically modified(GM)
Ex: resistance to frost/diseases/insects
***In order for plants to “pass down” the genetic trait to their offspring they must be sure that the gene is present in the seed of the plant!***

40. Farmers use pesticides to get rid of “pests”
Farmers use herbicides to get rid of weeds
If we spray a “herbicide” on a crop full of weeds what might happen?
Scientists have developed genetically engineered plants that are resistant to the herbicides

41. Scientists have concerns about some uses of genetic engineering.
possible long-term health effects of eating GM foods
possible effects of GM plants on ecosystems and biodiversity

42. Draw a double bubble map comparing and contrasting cloning and genetic engineering. Give examples.

43. Genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
Changes DNA to give it new traits
Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Cloning
Mouse that has jellyfish DNA
Uses nuclear transfer
May involve manipulating DNA
Dolly the Sheep, CC the cat
Weather/drought resistant fruits and veggies