1. Complex Molecules (Macromolecules)
2012

2. What is an atom? smallest Particle of an element
building blocks of all matter

3. What are some examples of elements?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
What are some examples of elements?

4. Particles of an Atom Particle Charge Proton positive Electron negative
Neutron none

5. What is a molecule?
A substance that is composed of 2 or more same or different elements
Example:
Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)

6. Charged atoms that attract
Bonds Review
Ionic
Covalent
Sharing Electrons
Gains/Loses Electrons
electrons
Weaker
Strong
Make molecules/compounds
Charged atoms that attract
No Charge
Ex: water (H2O)
Ex: Table Salt
(NaCl) 6

7. What is a chemical reaction in life?
Chemical reactions inside the cell and occur within an organism are called -__metabolism__

8. Compounds Essential to All
Living Organisms
Inorganic –
Organic -
Composed of non living things
Composed of living things

9. Water has capillary action
Inorganic Compound Water is an essential inorganic compound   Properties of Water 1.   2.   3.   4.
Water is polar
Water has capillary action
Water resists temperature change
Water expands when it freezes

10. Categories of compounds
Organic: Biomolecules
A. Cells build with small molecules
B. living things
C. contain carbon
Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

11. Types of Organic Compounds

12. 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates:
ROLE: chemical compounds that are used to store
or consume energy
Building Blocks: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms, in a 1:2:1 molar ration*
-MONOSACCHARIDE- building blocks

13. 1. Carbohydrate
Examples
**Includes
Pasta
Bread
Grains

14. 1. Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides meaning "one", and saccharide, meaning "sugar". Suffix -ose (glucose, fructose, lactose)
Glucose C6H12O6
single/simple sugars
Galactose, a sugar in milk (and yogurt),
Fructose, a sugar found in honey.

15. 1. Carbohydrates Glucose
Simple sugar
Know the
Structure
C6H12O6
Draw this

16. Other Sugars
Galactose, a sugar in milk (and yogurt),
Fructose, a sugar found in honey.
Sucrose found in table sugar and is made up of glucose and fructose.
Lactose from milk and is made up of glucose and galactose.
Starches – store energy

17. 2. Lipids Also known as Triglycerides. Includes Fats, Oils and Waxes
Also known as Triglycerides.
Includes Fats, Oils and Waxes
ROLES 1. 2. 3.
Cell to cell communication
Cell membrane is composed of lipids
Storage molecule for energy

18. Lipids
Examples:
Butter
Animal fats
Oils

19. 2. Lipids Types of Fats Saturated – Hard at room temperature
Saturated –
Unsaturated –
What is cholesterol?
Hard at room temperature
Not essential to your health, can raise your cholesterol “the bad fats”
Found in meats, eggs and cheese
Liquid at room temperature
Can lower your cholesterol “the good fats”
Found in olive oil, nuts, and some fish
. Fat molecule, elevated levels can cause a lining to form on the interior of arteries not allowing blood to move through effectively which can lead to heart disease and stroke

20. 2. Lipids long term energy storage Building Blocks:
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
FATTY ACID- building blocks
Insoluble in water
long term energy storage
act as insulation
Solid at room temperature

21. Examples of Lipids
1. Oils—Liquid at room temperature 2. Waxes-repel water -prevent drying out found in plants---called a cuticle - Found in animals—ear wax cecum 3. Phospholipids--form cell membranes -control substances that enter and leave cell 4. Steroids serve as structural and control -components of cell membranes

22. 2. Lipids Glycerol Attached to fatty acids Know the structure
To make triglycerides
Know the structure
Draw this 

23. 3. Proteins
Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells
Functions:
Structure of tissues/organs
Carry out metabolism
Muscle contraction help
Transport oxygen
Carry out chemical reactions

24. Protein
Examples:
Eggs
Poultry
Beef
Fish
Beans

25. Making of a Protein
1. Protein: complex molecules composed of amino acids 2. Building Blocks: Amino Acid 3. Suffix—“ine” -only 20 amino acids to make proteins

26. Carboxyl Group
Found on Amino acids
Know the structure
Draw this 

27. 4. Nucleic acid
Nucleic Acids-Polymers of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and phosphorus.
large, complex molecules that contain hereditary, genetic information
-DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
-controls cell activity
-RNA-ribonucleic acid
-makes protein

28. Nucleic Acid Nucleotides are the Building blocks of nucleic acids
Example
Structure of DNA