1. Why did industrialists in the northern states favor tariffs during the early 1800’s?

2. Why did industrialists in the northern states favor tariffs during the early 1800’s?
Tariffs would increase the demand for American manufactured goods.

3. Which 1828 political party rejected the national bank and supported the presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson?

4. Which 1828 political party rejected the national bank and supported the presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson?
Democratic Party

5. Why did Jackson oppose the National Bank?

6. Why did Jackson oppose the National Bank?
The bank had too much power over the economy and favored the wealthy.

7. Describe the Trail of Tears. Who? What? Where? When? Why?

8. Describe the Trail of Tears. Who? What? Where? When? Why?
The Cherokee Indians were given two years to migrate.
By 1838 only 2000 had done so.
TheU.S. government sent 7,000 troops to force the Cherokee Indians to march west.
It is know as the Trail of Tears because at least 4,000 Cherokee died of cold, hunger and disease.
It was a great tragedy in the history of the Cherokee nation.

9. Describe the positions of Jefferson, Jackson and Hamilton on the existence of a National Bank.

10. Describe the positions of Jefferson, Jackson and Hamilton on the existence of a National Bank.
Jefferson – Opposed National Bank
Hamilton – Supported National Bank
Jackson – Opposed National Bank

11. Jackson was known as the first president to represent which group of people?

12. Jackson was known as the first president to represent which group of people?
Jackson was known as the first “self-made” man to be elected President and was considered a victory for the “Common Man”.

13. Why was the election of 1828 known as the Revolution of 1828?

14. Why was the election of 1828 known as the Revolution of 1828?
Jackson’s election represented a shift of political power from elites to the common people.

15. What were the goals of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

16. What were the goals of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
To avoid conflict between white settlers and southeastern American Indian tribes.
To seize American Indian lands for cotton farmers.
To protect American Indian governments and cultures.

17. What was the impact of Jackson’s attempt to reduce conflicts between American Indians and white settlers during the 1830s?

18. What was the impact of Jackson’s attempt to reduce conflicts between American Indians and white settlers during the 1830s?
American Indians were forced to relocate.

19. How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court decision to protect the rights and land of the Cherokee?

20. How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court decision to protect the rights and land of the Cherokee?
He ignored the decision.

21. List the states inhabited by the Seminoles, Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians before their relocation to Oklahoma?

22. List the states inhabited by the Seminoles, Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians before their relocation to Oklahoma?
Seminoles – Florida
Cherokee – Georgia
Chickasaw – Mississippi
Choctaw - Mississippi

23. How did the Cherokee respond to the Indian Removal Act?

24. How did the Cherokee respond to the Indian Removal Act?
They went to the Supreme Court asking that their rights be protected.

25. What factors contributed to Jackson’s election in 1828?

26. What factors contributed to Jackson’s election in 1828?
Jackson’s humble background and military heroism.
Expanded voting rights enabled many new people to participate.
Jackson appealed to the common people.

27. What was the purpose of Pinckney’s “Gag Rule”?

28. What was the purpose of Pinckney’s “Gag Rule”?

29. What was the purpose of Pinckney’s “Gag Rule”?
Congress voted in 1836 to table all anti-slavery bills
Prevented consideration of an anti-slavery proposal by John Quincy Adams
Outraged abolitionists because it silenced debate over slavery

30. What was the Nullification Crisis?

31. What was the Nullification Crisis?
Nullification is the idea that a state has the right to nulify or cancel a federal law that the state leaders consider to be unconstitutional.
Southern states opposed protective tariffs which raised prices on imported goods and worried that it would hurt their cotton sales to other countries.
Southerners believed the tariff was unconstitutional because it favored one region of the country over the others.
The Nullification Crisis was caused by South Carolina passing the Nullification Act which declared that the 1832 tariff was illegal.

32. How did Henry Clay attempt to resolve the Nullification Crisis?

33. How did Henry Clay attempt to resolve the Nullification Crisis?
He worked with John C. Calhoun to lower tariffs on southern states through the Compromise Tariff of 1833.

34. McCullouch v. Maryland

35. McCullouch v. Maryland
Maryland wanted to tax its branch of the national bank.
The court ruled that States cannot claim to have power over the federal government.
The result of this case is that Federal government is upheld as the supreme law of the land.

36. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

37. Worcester v. Georgia
In Worcester v. Georgia (1832) the court ruled in favor of Worcester. The U.S. government and not the state of Georgia had the authority to make treaties or any type of regulations with Native Americans. President Andrew Jackson responded by enforcing the Indian Removal Act. He also responded by siding with Georgia and chose not to enforce the Supreme Court ruling.

38. Gibbons v. Ogden

39. Gibbons v. Ogden
Steamship operators fought over shipping rights on Hudson River in both New York and New Jersey.
The Supreme Court held that only the federal government has power to regulate interstate commerce.
This case is important because Federal government’s power reinforced.

40. Policy

41. Policy
Strategy
Guide
Plan
Course of Action

42. Sectionalism

43. Sectionalism
Loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.
Opposite of Nationalism.

44. Protective tariff

45. Protective tariff
During the Andrew Jackson administration, a tariff debate continued to develop. Congress endorsed high tariffs on any goods manufactured in Europe. Many Americans welcomed these protective tariffs, especially Americans living in the Northeastern states where industry thrived. Southerners were in disagreement with the protective tariffs because Americans would now have to pay higher prices for goods manufactured in the U.S.

46. State’s Rights

47. State’s Rights
Nullification Crisis: Revolved around the ability of a state to declare federal laws unconstitutional. (In 1828 the Tariff of Abominations was passed resulting in a higher tariff. In 1832, a lower tariff was passed but this still angered South Carolinians, led by Senator John C. Calhoun. SC. declared the federal tariff null and void within its borders. Delegates to a special convention urged the state legislature to take military action and to secede from the union if the federal government demanded the customs duties. To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise Tariff of Government lowers tariff and backs down.)

48. Resettlement

49. Resettlement

50. Mandate

51. Mandate