1. The Subjunctive

2. The Indicative Mr. Indicative
If the indicative were to be a person, it would be a business man. As a person, the Indicative looks a bit like this, Mr. Straightforward. He is just a regular guy or normal guy .

3. What Is the Indicative?
In general, the Indicative mood is used to refer to what is real and certain.
It is used to talk about actions, events, or states that are believed to be facts or true.
It is very typical in speech for making factual statements or describing obvious qualities of a person or situation.

4. Expressions that Trigger the Indicative:
Pensar que To think that
Saber que To know that
Creer que To believe that
No dudar que To not doubt that
No hay duda de que There is no doubt that
No negar que To not deny that
Es verdad que It is true that
Es cierto que It is certain/true that
Es seguro que It is sure/certain that
Estar seguro de que To be sure that
Es obvio que It is obvious that
Observar que To observe that

5. The Subjunctive Mr. Subjunctive
The subjunctive is a spaced-out hippy, happily
person in a world of unreality and uncertainty.
He is always subjectively giving his hippy
interpretation of reality and emotions,
philosophizing all day long about
hypothetical and interesting things
that probably haven’t happened yet!
Indicative = Mr. Normal
Subjunctive = Hippy Dude

6. What Is the Subjunctive?
In general, the subjunctive mood is subjective and possible (but not certain).
It is used to talk about doubts, wishes, emotions, and other unknown and non-factual situations.
It is commonly used in making recommendations, giving commands, and talking about how things make you feel.

7. Expressions that Trigger the Subjunctive:
Wish, want, want you to
Emotion
Impersonal expression
Recommendation
Doubt, denial, disbelief, don’t know
Ojalá

8. How Do You Conjugate in the Present Subjunctive?
Start with present tense yo (-o)
Add OPPOSITE ENDING:
-AR ER/-IR
-e a
-es as
-emos amos
-en an
hablar
habl e o
comer
com a o

9. Present Subjunctive
(Yo form in present tense + opposite ending) (WEIRDO in the present + verb in the present subjunctive) Ex: I doubt (that) they are coming. Dudo que ellos vengan.

10. Subjunctive or Indicative ?
1. Espero que
subjunctive
2. Dudo que
subjunctive
3. Creen que
indicative
4. Es probable que
subjunctive
5. Es seguro que
indicative
6. Niegas que
subjunctive

11. The Imperfect / Past Subjunctive
The same situations that trigger the subjunctive in the present tense will trigger the imperfect/past subjunctive. Everything on your WEIRDO handout will trigger the past subjunctive. The only difference is that the verb in the main clause will be conjugated in the past tense, imperfect or the conditional.

12. Past / Imperfect Subjunctive
(ELLOS form of preterit (drop -aron/ -ieron) + ara, aras, ara, aramos, aran)
iera, ieras, iera, ieramos, ieran
WEIRDO in the past tense + Verb in the past subjunctive )
Ex: I doubted (that) they were coming.
Dudaba que ellos vinieran.

13. The Past / Imperfect Subjunctive
Start with preterit tense ellos, and drop (-aron/-ieron)
Add ENDING:
-AR ER/IR
-ara -iera
-aras -ieras
- aramos - ieramos
-aran -ieran
hablar
habl
ara
aron
comer
com
iera
ieron

14. Present Subjunctive or Past Subjunctive?
1.Quiero que
2. Yo le recomendé que
3. Dudo que
4. Era importante que
5. Quería que
6. Es importante que
7. Me alegro de que
8. Me alegraba
Past subjunctive
Present subjunctive
Past subjunctive
Past subjunctive
Present subjunctive
Present subjunctive
Past subjunctive