1. verb
Tenses

2. Today, we're going to talk about the tenses. Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it? 
Obviously it is the past tense.

3. + - + - ? ? + Present simple present continuous
Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
O = es (go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
Present simple +
We study English
My sister watches TV
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) -
Don`t
Doesn´t
We don´t study
She doesn´t study
+ verb ?
Do you study ?
Does she study?
A + S + V ? Am Is
Are +
present continuous
V-ing
I am studying
you are studying
he is studying +
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying -
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Study- studying
Play-playing
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying? ?
A + S + V ?

4. Present simple actions which happen regularly Habits States
The simple present is used for two main types of action:
actions which happen regularly
on Sundays
Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
every day, every week, Once a month, etc.
Habits
States
Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:
A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)
A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

5. Habit States Young-Mi goes to class every day. "Every day" is a habit.
It rains a lot in Vancouver This means that it rains often.
Santos always talks about his family "Always" means this is a habit.
Jerry spends Christmas with his parents This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.
States
Bianca lives in Florida This is a state, because it doesn't change.
Jean-Paul has red hair Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.
Martin likes chocolate When we like something, usually we will always like it.
Anna believes in God Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

6. Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions: think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions: want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses: see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

7. Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence
How often..?
I do yoga twice a week
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Hardly ever
Never
Every day
Once a day / week / month..
Twice a day / week / month..
Three times a day / week / month..
Twelve times a day / week / month..
Before the verb
She often plays golf
After to be
They are always hungry

8. Temporary action happening now
John is winning the game Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.
It's raining outside It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).
Soraya's working in the library She's working there right now.
Sihol is spending Christmas with his family He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

9. 1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
Choose the correct answer.
1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.
8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any more.

11. Use Past Simple + - ? Suj + I played 2nd col I sang I didn´t play
Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson, double conson
Stop—stopped
2 syllables & stress in the 2nd, double consonant
Permit—permitted
V ending in conson + y i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y ed play - played
I played
Use +
Suj +
V+ -ed
2nd col
I sang -
Suj + didn´t + verb
Past and finished actions.
We visited the museum last week
A series of completed actions in the past
When I opened the door, the dog barked at the postman.
Past states.
The old lady lived in this house in 1887
I didn´t play
I didn´t sing ?
Did+ Suj + verb ?
A+S+V ?
Did you play?
Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday last week/year
2 days ago In in the 80s when then

12. + - ? Past Continuous Remember + Was/ wasn´t I was playing +
Were +
V-ing
I , He , She , It
Was/ wasn´t
I was playing +
Was
Were +
V-ing
Suj +
You were singing
You, we, they
I wasn´t playing -
Wasn´t
Weren´t
Suj + +
V-ing
You weren´t singing
Were/weren´t ?
Was I playing?
Was
Were +
Suj +
V-ing
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?
Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

13. Usos :
Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando
Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo
2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

14. Past simple vs past continuous
Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS
She was talking on the phone when he arrived
Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el ambiente suelen ir en PC.
It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do. He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him anxiously.

15. Complete with a suitable verb
Last weekend Carmela ……… to the cinema
to see "The Others". Carmela ……………… . it because it……………. about ghosts and she is afraid of them. While she …………… home with her friend Lola, she …………… very strange.
went
didn´t like
was
was going
felt
They ……………a noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It ………………..a lot and there …………………any taxis on the street, so they ……………………to go home walking. The noise …………….. still behind them and while they ………………… to see what or who …………….. it , the lights on the street …………………. out and they ……………….for five minutes. Do you know what happened next?
heard
was raining
weren´t
decided
was
were trying
was
went
were crying

16. Listen dear ; here is an article about how many words women use a day: 30,000 to a man's 15,000  
What ?
'The reason has to be because we have to repeat everything to men... 

17. + - ? Present perfect Time expressions + A+S+V ?
Have
Has +
V-ed
3ª col +
I have worked
She has written -
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written ?
Have you worked?
Has she written ?
A+S+V ?
Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

18. TIME EXPRESSIONS
EVER : (Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?
NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.
FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years. (Le conozco desde hace 20 años)
SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since (La conozco desde 1994)
JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair ( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).
ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film ( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)
YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”) Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

19. usos
Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.
I have eaten Chinese food many times
Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se hacen con “How long..?”
I´ve lived here for five years ( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-todavía vivo aquí)
Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.
We´ve painted the kitchen
Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos “just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

20. CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.
When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento indeterminado.
Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas. I lived in India in 1992.
Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente I´ve lived in India since
Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2 years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

21. Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect
1 you / go / on holiday last year?
______________________________
2 you / ever / go / to England?
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Did you go on holiday last year?
Have you ever been to England?
I’ve never tried windsurfing
Maria studied photography last year.
Has your teacher ever lived in England?

22. Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple.
haven’t found
1. I am still looking for my ticket. I ……………………… (not find) it yet.
2. The basketball game ……………………… (finish) an hour ago.
3. ……………… you ever ……………… (see) so many fans at a game?
4. My little brother ……………………… (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
I ……………………… (never eat) snails before.
6. ……………… you ……………… (do) your homework last week?
finished
Have
seen
didn’t drink
have never eaten
Did do

23. Even a woodpecker owes his success to the fact that he uses his head

24. Present perfect continuous Use Time expressions + + - ?
of “to be”
Have been
Has been +
V-ing
( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working
She has been studying
Time expressions +
For a year , since 2002 ,
how long..?
All day / night / week …
I haven´t been working
She hasn´t been studying -
Have you been working ?
Has she been studying ?
Use ?
An action that started in the past and which still continues in the present.
(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)
She has been working here for 2 years
An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

25. Past perfect Use Time expressions + - ? V-ed Had + 3ª col
Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just +
I had worked -
I hadn´t worked ?
Use
Had you worked ?
A completed action which took place before another action in the past
By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started
Present
Future
Past
Perfect
Past

26. Past perfect continuous Use Time expressions + + - ? Past perfect
of “to be” +
had been
V-ing
(llevaba + gerundio)
Time expressions
For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before +
I had been -
I hadn´t been
Use ?
Had you been ?
Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.
We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

27. Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets
Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia (1) …………… (get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ……………………… (drive) on a small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ……………………… (arrive) in Britain only a few hours before, (4) ……………………… (not speak) English and (5) ……………………… (become) very upset. This was not surprising because he (6) ……………………… (knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before. Similarly, a large lorry (7) ……………………… (break) Dorothea North’s front gate while it (8) ……………………… (travel) through her small British village, Wedmore. Both these accidents (9) ……………………… (happen) because the lorry drivers (10) ……………………… (not watch) where they were going. They (11) ……………………… (use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
got
was driving
had arrived
didn’t speak
became
had knocked
broke
was travelling
happened
weren’t watching
were using
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

28. Future TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO
( Futuro de intención)
Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.
Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.
FUTURE SIMPLE will + inf
Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que hablamos (ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias, amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly
The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it
Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

29. FUTURE CONTINUOUS Use FUTURE perfect Use Time expressions
Future de “to be” + V-ing
Time expressions +
At this time, at this time next…
On Thursday , in the next decade
I will be studying -
I won´t be studying ?
Will you be studying ?
An action in progress at a certain time in the future
At this time next year, I will be studying Law in Madrid
Use
FUTURE perfect
V-ed
3ª col
Future de “have” + +
I will have studied
Time expressions -
I won´t have studied
Use
By this time next week,
by 10 o´clock…, In three months ?
Will you have studied?
A completed action at a certain time in the future.
By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

30. Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been c. will have been
b. had been d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost c. didn’t lose
b. had lost d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw c. will have seen
b. had seen d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left c. will have left
b. have left d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied c. hadn’t studied
b. won’t have studied d. didn’t study

31. Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.  A
Jill usually (1) __________ (go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2) __________ (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________ (have) a test at school, but she (4) __________ (not pass) it. So today she (5) __________ (study) for her exams. B
At the moment, Billy (6) __________ (talk) to a police officer, because he (7) __________ (see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________ (drive) too fast when a dog
(9) __________ (run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________ (not die).
goes
doesn’t have
had
’s studying
didn’t pass
is talking
saw
was driving
ran
didn’t die

32. Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having dinner.
4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health. He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled / have been travelling to India.

33. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?
Because (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I (just meet / him)
3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?
No, I (not see / her / for a week)
4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)
my leg has been hurting all week
have just met him.
I haven’t seen her for a week
has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.

34. What is white when it's dirty and black when it's clean ?
A blackboard.

35. What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
 B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?
 I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
 T (tea)

36. What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
 C (sea)
What letter is an exclamation ?
 O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years ?
 the letter m