1. Colonization and Settlement of America

2. Reasons for Exploration Expanding populations—needed more space Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain Three G’s—in this order 1. Gold *any riches (gold, silver, resources) Most important to most explorers 2. God *to convert natives 3. Glory *to make a name for themselves First European explorers to reach the Americas were Vikings – Leif Eriksson – Canada – around 1000 A.D.

3. Christopher Columbus – Caribbean - 1492 A.D. Spain is first European country to permanently colonize the New World Amerigo Vespucci—first European to map North and South America (1501) Giovanni da Verrazzano – first European to reach North Carolina (1524) Natives were treated poorly – Plantation System – used for agricultural (sugar cane) and mining work (gold and silver) Columbian Exchange – movement of stuff (animals, plants, diseases, religions, knowledge, technology, culture, resources etc.) between Old World and New World Old World – Europe/Africa/Asia New World – North and South America

4. Columbian Exchange Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxl9RP LwvC8

5. Columbian exchange

8. Smallpox Victim Native populations were devastated by disease

9. English aristocrat and explorer –Funded his own voyages –Supported by Queen Elizabeth I 1584 - Landed at Roanoke Island –Made connections with local Native Americans –Decided to bring settlers back Sir Walter Raleigh & the Roanoke Colony

10. 1585 – 108 soldiers come to Roanoke to establish first colony 1586 – Colonists and Native Americans at “war,” and colony is abandoned 1587 – Second settlement attempted –117 colonists come to Roanoke –Governor John White Roanoke Colony, cont.

11. 1590 – White returns to Roanoke, but finds the colony has disappeared Roanoke, cont. 1587 – John White returns to England to get supplies

12. http://www.schooltube. com/video/89c920dac 3962b0ae572/http://www.schooltube. com/video/89c920dac 3962b0ae572/ What do you think happened to them? The mystery of the lost colony Video

13. Jamestown and Roanoke colonies

14. Jamestown 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607 – established for profit – Virginia Company John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco – made the colony successful), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith) Colony almost did not survive – bad location 1609-1610 – Starving Time – only 60 of 215 survive – colony survived because new colonists came each year. 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1 st representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

15. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html 1608 Settlers at Jamestown die in great numbers (38 of 104 remain) 1609 500 more settlers come to Virginia Relations with Native Americans grow tense 1610 September- May: The “Starving Time” reduces population to 60 (from 500- 600 )

16. John Smith John Rolfe marries Pocahontas Pocahontas

17. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the- story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in- jamestownhttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the- story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in- jamestown http://www.history.com/shows/america-the- story-of-us/articles/episode-1-rebels

18. When? Where? Founder? Why was the colony founded? Roanoke Colony Jamestown Colony

19. When? Where? Founder? Why was the colony founded? Roanoke Colony Jamestown Colony 15851607 NC Virginia Sir Walter RaleighThe Virginia Company **Expand England’s territory **Search for gold **Expand England’s territory **Search for gold **Grow crops

20. What happened ? Roanoke Colony Jamestown Colony

21. What happened ? Roanoke Colony Jamestown Colony **Settled on land poor for farming and most colonists were businessmen **Hostile towards local tribes **John White returned to England for supplies. When he returned to Roanoke > colonists had disappeared. **Captain John Smith said, “Those that don’t work, don’t eat” **Established trade relationship with Powhatan Indians **Tobacco helped Jamestown succeed and become the first permanent English colony

22. Colonies developed different identities according to climate and charter

23. English Colonies Split into three regions New England (MA, NH,RI,CN) – settled by many people seeking religious freedom –- Economy was based on fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding Middle Colonies (NY, NJ,PA,DE) ––More of a mix coming for religious freedom and economic opportunities – more diverse backgrounds – farming and trade

24. 13 Colonies Southern Colonies –(MD, VA, NC, SC, GA) mostly came for economic opportunities Economy was based on agriculture – Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo Georgia – place for debtors and poor to live

25. The New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire

26. The Middle Colonies New York Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania

27. The Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

28. 13 COLONIES MAP ACTIVITY

29. Colonies MotivationsEconomy New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

30. Mayflower Compact – created by Pilgrims in Plymouth (Massachusetts/MA) to establish direct democracy and rule of law –Direct democracy – people vote directly on issues

31. What caused each region to develop differently than the others? What prediction can you make for the future development of each region? (Use Concepts)

32. Italian explorer, commissioned by France Discovers North Carolina in 1524 –First European since around 1000 AD to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland Giovanni da Verrazzano

33. Carolina Settled by members of the other colonies. Original settlers English. Granted a private company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in 1711. Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco. Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.” Officially became a state on November 21, 1789.

34. Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies New England Pilgrims - Settled in Massachusetts in 1620 – Plymouth Puritans - Settled in Massachusetts in 1630 – Boston Wanted religious freedom Middle Colonies Catholics Quakers –William Penn More tolerant and diverse

35. Lords Proprietors – 8 noble supporters of Charles II, awarded Carolina in return for their support – 1663 1706 – Bath – first NC town 1710 – New Bern founded – became 1 st capital of NC Three regions 1. Coastal Plain in east – first region settled by Europeans 2. Piedmont in central 3. Mountains in west

36. New Immigration NC becomes royal colony in 1728. New settlers 1. Scots-Irish – settled in east 2. Highland Scots – settled in east 3. Germans and Moravians –settled in Piedmont – backcountry Great Wagon Road – main route to travel through backcountry Moravians – name their land Wachovia 1766 – establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem 4. Africans – brought as slaves – fewer than many other southern colonies

37. Great Wagon Road

38. Were the reasons why people immigrated to the 13 colonies similar to the reasons why people immigrate to America today?

39. Economy/Social Structure Economy – North Carolina was mostly agricultural. Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo Naval Stores – tar, pitch, turpentine Trade was difficult due to NC’s lack of roads and difficult waterways. Mercantilism – the colonies existed for the economic benefit of England Social Classes 1. Gentry – rich planters, doctors, lawyers 2. Artisans – craftsmen – blacksmith, cobblers 3. Small Farmers – Yeomen – biggest group

40. 4. Indentured Servants – poor people who bought their passage to America with their service. 5. Slaves/Indians Triangle Trade – three-part voyage A. Europe to Africa – manufactured trade goods B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves C. America to Europe – raw materials (lumber, cotton, tobacco) Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC over taxes and political power.

41. Triangle Trade

43. Early Government in the Colonies Magna Carta – Even the King had to obey the law English Bill of Rights – limited King’s power; gave representative government (Parliament) more power Representative Government – the people elect representatives to speak for them in government Mayflower Compact – first attempt at self- government in the English colonies Town meetings – first form of American government in which all free men could participate

44. House of Burgess – first representative government in America Proprietary colony – privately-owned colony Royal colony – government-run colony

45. Which common theme did each of these government examples have that led to the colonists’ desire for independence?