1. O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? Civil War Battles Mrs. Robinson Mrs. Brooks

2. Standard SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. a. explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scot Case, Election of 1860, debate over secession in Georgia and the role of Alexander Stephens. b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s cost, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, and Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th amendments to the Constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan. 2/24/2016

3. Introduction The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history. Over 600,000 soldiers died in the war. The fighting started at Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The Civil War ended on April 9, 1865 when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court House in Richmond, Virginia. Several days later, on April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. However, the war would officially end on August 20, 1866 when President Andrew Johnson signed a document stating that the American Civil War was over and all of America was at peace. 2/24/2016

4. Battle of Shiloh Fought in Tennessee on April 6-7, 1862, the Battle of Shiloh was the largest battle fought in the western part of the country. The Confederate Army, led by General's Albert Johnston and P.T. Beauregard, attacked the Union Army led by General Ulysses S. Grant. They won the first day, however, General Johnston was killed and they stopped the attack. The next day reinforcements arrived for the North. The North counterattacked and drove back the Confederate Army. Both sides suffered heavy losses. There were around 20,000 casualties and 3500 deaths in this battle.Battle of ShilohUlysses S. Grant 2/24/2016

5. Battle of Antietam This was the first major battle fought in the North. It was fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland on September 17, 1862. The Battle of Antietam is known as the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War. There were over 23,000 casualties and 4600 deaths. The Confederate Army, led by General Robert E. Lee, was vastly outnumbered, but still managed to harass and fight off the more conservative Union Army. Eventually, though, the Union Amy was able to push back Lee's army and cause them to retreat from Northern soil.The Battle of Antietam 2/24/2016

6. The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 1- 3, 1863 in and near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This battle was one of the most important battles of the Civil War for the North. Robert E. Lee had invaded the North and was trying to defeat the Union Army once and for all. However, the Union Army held him off and sent him retreating. This was a major turning point in the war. The Confederate Army was led by General Robert E. Lee. The Union Army was led by General George Meade. 2/24/2016

7. The Battle took place over three days. On the first day the armies were still coming together. The Confederates outnumbered the Union the first day and caused them to retreat through the town of Gettysburg to the south side of town. General Lee wanted his men to continue the attack and finish off the Union troops. However, his men delayed and the Union had the opportunity to dig in and set up their defenses. By the second day, the armies from both sides were now at full force. The Union had around 94,000 soldiers and the Confederates around 72,000. Lee attacked and there was fierce fighting throughout the day with both sides taking heavy losses. The Union lines held.

8. 2/24/2016 The third day, General Lee decided to make an all or nothing attack. He felt if he could win this battle, the South would win the war. He sent General Pickett, with 12,500 men, on a direct charge at the heart of the Union Army. This famous attack is called Pickett's Charge. Pickett's men were defeated with over half of them injured or killed. General Lee and the Confederate Army retreated. The Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest battle of the Civil War. There were around 46,000 casualties including nearly 8,000 deaths.

9. 2/24/2016 General Meade and the Union Army were exhausted and had many casualties and deaths of their own to deal with. They did not pursue Lee's Army. President Lincoln was disappointed that Meade did not pursue General Lee as he felt the entire Confederate army could have been defeated and the war ended that day. Later that year, on November 1, 1863, President Lincoln attended the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His speech was short (10 lines) and lasted only two minutes. Not much was thought of the speech at the time, but today it is considered one of the greatest speeches ever given.

10. The Battle of Chickamauga On September 19-20, 1863, Union forces moved against the major railroad center in Chattanooga, Tennessee, just across the Georgia line. Union and Confederate troops squared-off seven miles south of Chattanooga at Chickamauga Creek where Confederate soldiers defeated the Union forces and forced the Union army back into Tennessee. However, the Confederates did not follow-up on the Union’s retreat and when General Grant arrived several weeks later with more troops, the Union recaptured Chattanooga and forced the Confederates to retreat south of Dalton, Georgia. 2/24/2016

11. The Battle of Atlanta When Grant moved his army east to attack Lee, he left 112,000 men in Chattanooga under the command of General William T. Sherman. Sherman took those men and began a campaign towards Atlanta. Sherman faced Confederate General Johnston and his 60,000 troops. During the late spring and early summer of 1864, the two armies fought time and time again with major battles at Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw, and New Hope Church. Because of shortages of ammunition and men, Johnston was forced to retreat southward towards Atlanta but he burned bridges and blocked roads as he retreated in an attempt to slow Sherman’s advancement. However, Sherman attacked Johnston’s troops at Kennesaw Mountain but loss this battle. 2/24/2016

12. Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, disagreed with Johnston’s war strategies. Davis wanted Sherman’s troops to be attacked head-on. Davis replaced Johnston with General John Bell Hood. Hood led an attack against Sherman in July, losing 11,000 men in two days. The two armies continued to fight until Hood concentrated his troops within the city of Atlanta. The main battle of Atlanta occurred on July 22 nd. Hood hoped Sherman would follow him into the city so that he could attack Sherman’s army but his strategy did not work. Fighting continued between the two armies for the rest of July and August until Hood finally left the city on September 1 st after citizens evaluated Atlanta. The next day, the union army moved into the city and took over its railroads and factories. Union soldiers stayed in Atlanta until November 15 th when they set fire to the city and left the city in flames and began their infamous “March to the Sea”.

13. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman’s army moved quickly through the state of Georgia heading from Atlanta to Savannah, burning everything in a path of 60 miles wide on the three hundred mile trek to the coast. On his way, he destroyed all military targets, farms, homes, towns, railroads, bridges, roads that supported the Confederacy. The march took over two months and left a large portion of the state destroyed. On December 22 nd, Sherman sent a wire to President Lincoln declaring that he would offer him a Christmas gift of the City of Savannah. The next day, Sherman delivered on his promise of capturing Savannah and cutting off the Confederacy’s access to vital supplies needed to continue the southern war efforts. By capturing Savannah, Sherman dividing the upper and lower Confederacy thus ending the war in Georgia. 2/24/2016

14. Have a great day!