1. Lecture 8 Non-verbal Communication and Time in Culture

2. Nonverbal Communication Areas Body Movements (kinesics) Body Movements (kinesics) Space (proxemics) Space (proxemics) Time (chronemics) Time (chronemics) Touch (haptics) Touch (haptics) Voice (paralanguage) Voice (paralanguage) Artifacts Artifacts Physical qualities (appearance, etc.) Physical qualities (appearance, etc.) Social / Environmental Context Social / Environmental Context

3. 10% to 45% of communication is verbal 10% to 45% of communication is verbal two people speaking same native language two people speaking same native language Everything else is NVC & context Everything else is NVC & context Not just gestures & body language Not just gestures & body language Overview of NVC

4. Subconscious cultural differences Subconscious cultural differences No dictionaries No dictionaries Usually cannot ask someone to repeat Usually cannot ask someone to repeat Generally difficult to hide Generally difficult to hide Characteristics of NVC

5. 3 types in every culture but one dominates 3 types in every culture but one dominates Past orientation Past orientation Present orientation Present orientation Future orientation Future orientation Time Orientations

6. Past Orientation Tradition very important Tradition very important worship ancestors and strong family ties worship ancestors and strong family ties aristocracy is important aristocracy is important Present Orientation very little attention to past or future very little attention to past or future past is unimportant and future is vague and unpredictable past is unimportant and future is vague and unpredictable Future Orientation Change highly valued Change highly valued Future viewed as “bigger and better” Future viewed as “bigger and better” Being “old-fashioned” is not a good thing Being “old-fashioned” is not a good thing

7. sleeping, eating, arriving for meetings, etc., sleeping, eating, arriving for meetings, etc., how many things one can do at one time how many things one can do at one time Two ways of categorizing… Two ways of categorizing… Monochronic Monochronic Polychronic Polychronic Time Patterns

8. compartmentalization of time compartmentalization of time Schedule events, see or do things one at a time Schedule events, see or do things one at a time Agendas during meetings Agendas during meetings Must wait one’s turn Must wait one’s turn Parties organized and planned to the minute Parties organized and planned to the minute Order is important. Order is important. Japan, America, Western Europe Japan, America, Western Europe cultures with low levels of involvement among people cultures with low levels of involvement among people Monochronic Time Pattern

9. No compartmentalization No compartmentalization Several activities at the same time Several activities at the same time Lack of schedules Lack of schedules Parties are unplanned Parties are unplanned People come and go as they please People come and go as they please Afro-America, Latin America, Middle East, East India, Malaysia, China Afro-America, Latin America, Middle East, East India, Malaysia, China cultures with high levels of involvement among people cultures with high levels of involvement among people Polychronic Time Pattern