1. Concepts and Theories of Stratification
계층 개념및 이론
Concepts and Theories of Stratification

2. Chapter Outline Conceptions of Social Class Marx’s Concept of Class
Weber’s Three Dimensions of Stratification
Status Inconsistency
Social Mobility
Marx and the Classless Society
The Functionalist Theory of Stratification
The Social Evolution Theory of Stratification
The Conflict Theory of Stratification

3. Plato’s Conception Of Social Class
There were two classes in ancient Greek society: rich and poor.
Plato believed they were locked in eternal conflict.

4. Aristotle’s Conception Of Social Class
Divided Greek society into three classes:
Rapacious upper class
Servile lower class
Worthy middle class
The middle class, having all virtues and all failings in moderation, could be trusted to see after the common good.

5. Marx’s Concept Of Class
Marx saw the history of human societies as a history of one ruling class being overthrown by a new one.
Identified four classes in ancient Rome—patricians, knights, plebians,and slaves.
Marx expected modern capitalist societies to consist of only two classes, the bourgeosie and the proletariat.

6. The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat Classes
Defined in terms of their relationship to the means of production.
The bourgeoisie owns the means of production.
The proletariat does not own such means and must sell his or her labor to the bourgeoisie.

7. Weber’s Three Dimensions Of Stratification
Based stratification on three independent factors:
Class (property)
Status (prestige)
Party (power)

8. Mosca: Three-step “proof” that societies must be stratified
Human societies cannot exist without political organization.
Whenever there is political organization (or society), there must be inequalities in power.
Because human nature is self-serving, people with more power will use it to exploit others and gain material advantages.

9. Theoretical Approaches to Stratification 계층; 이론적 접근
Functionalist theory 기능주의– explains that because some workers are much less replaceable than others, rewards will be different.
Evolutionary theory 진화론 - explains how specialization arises in societies.
Conflict theory 갈등론- stratification will reflect the outcome of conflict among groups in a society.