1. Public Policy #3
Foreign Policy

2. History of US Foreign Policy
Isolationism:
Started w/George Washington told us to avoid foreign entanglements
WW1 briefly brings us to the world scene, but US immediately returns to isolationism in 20s & 30s
Refuse to join League of Nations
By 30s worried about economy, not world

3. The 30s Hitler is on his rise to power
World responded with appeasement: make small concessions (give away Sudentenland) for peace
Unsuccessful, Hitler wanted it all!

4. WW2 US becomes a world power So does the Soviet Union
Leads to Cold War ( ): communism (USSR) vs. democracy (US)
Bipolar world: 2 opposite sides

5. USSR takes over Eastern Europe after WW2
US no longer wants to appease
Will fight many indirect conflicts:
Korea, Vietnam

6. MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction: both sides have equally powerful weapons, thus if one decides to use them, the other knows they will receive the same amount of force back, and no one uses them

7. Eisenhower (1950s) –
Warned of Military Industrial Complex –
Arms race will set up an economy based on military
Won’t be able to cut the military without greatly hurting the economy
Thus, military will continue to grow – and more likely to be used

8. Vietnam War US fights for over a decade, cannot truly win
Changes policy to disengagement: avoid conflict
Nixon (70s) brings détente : cooling off
Visits China & Mao for the first official US visit

9. Reagan
“Evil Empire” – Reagan (80s) simultaneously uses harsh words against USSR while meeting with its leader, Gorbachev
May have accelerated decline of USSR – falls in 1991

10. 1990s “New World Order” : no more Cold War or immediate threats
Issues tend to be those of human rights
Genocide in former Yugoslavia
Increasing multilateralism – countries working together through UN & other agencies

11. 9/11 A new, bipolar world: terrorism vs. democracy
Fighting against groups & ideas, not a country
How long will it last? Who will win?

12. Tools of Foreign Policy
1. Diplomacy: negotiating through conflicts
State Department
United Nations
When do you negotiate and when do you go to war?

13. 2. Intelligence Gathering
CIA: Central Intelligence Agency (Independent Agency)
NSC: National Security Council (part of White House staff)
State Department
Defense Department

14. 3. Economic Pressure VS. Trade Sanctions: restrict trade
Could be complete sanction sometimes will continue to offer food aid – Cuba
Encourage trade
Most Favored Nation status: often given to China where trade is greatly encouraged
VS.

15. Groups that assist with economic pressure
WTO: World Trade Organization
Works to negotiate fair trade agreements
World Bank: works to aid developing countries through loans & other assistance
International Monetary Fund : also works to regulate trade, exchange rates to assist poor nations
In the US:
Depts of Agriculture, Commerce, Treasury, Labor

16. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (1996) Answer the following:
No tariffs between Canada, US, and Mexico
Products made in any of these 3 countries can be sold in another with no additional fee or tax
Answer the following:
Which country(ies) will benefit from this and how?
Why were many American businesses opposed to this?
Today, debating CAFTA: Central American Free Trade – good or bad idea?

17. 4. Military Department of Defense, Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff: reps of each branch of the military, report to President

18. 5. President Commander in Chief: Chief Diplomat
This gives him the power to…
Chief Diplomat
This gives her the power to…

19. Who has more foreign policy power? List their powers below
Congress
President