1. Reconstruction (short)
Mr. Owen
ICCS middle school
7th grade American history

2. Vocabulary I – The Plan Vocabulary Politics People
Reconstruction – period from 1865 to 1877when the US tried to rebuild following the Civil War
Politics
Amnesty – official pardon or forgiveness for a wrongdoing
Impeachment – CHARGING a government official with wrongdoing while in office
People
Andrew Johnson – Democrat who became president after Lincoln was killed
Radical Republican – Congressmen who favored using federal powers during Reconstruction

3. Reconstruction presidents
Lincoln ( )
Johnson ( )

4. Abraham Lincoln (1860-1865) From Illinois; called Honest Abe
Worked as a lawyer before politics
Elected in 1860 because Democrats split their vote; this caused the South to leave the Union
President during the Civil War; freed Southern slaves
Killed by assassin that sympathized with the South

5. Andrew Johnson ( )
Born in North Carolina but spent much of his life in Tennessee
Served in both Houses of Tennessee legislature and was governor
Elected to be Lincoln’s VP and took over after his assassination
Tried to continue Lincoln’s Reconstruction plans
Impeached by Radical Republicans that disagreed with him but found not guilty
After his presidency he returned to Tennessee politics

6. Reconstruction
Who: led by Abraham Lincoln and then Andrew Johnson versus Radical Republicans
What: the period after the Civil War
When:
Where: rebuilding the South; reuniting the whole nation
Why: following the war, the South was devastated; new black citizens had to find their place
How: two different plans for accomplishing this emerged and many new laws were passed

7. Two different Reconstruction Plans
Lincoln & Johnson
Wanted to be easier on confederates
Hoped to make healing process quick (10% plan)
Offered amnesty to confederates on condition of swearing loyalty
Wasn’t as concerned with helping slaves
Only lasted a year
Led by Radical Republicans in Congress (Wade-Davis Bill)
Wanted harsher punishment for confederates (no amnesty) (50%)
Forced South to allow blacks to vote
Lasted rest of Reconstruction
Presidential Plan
Congressional Plan / Radical Reconstruction

8. Radical Reconstruction
During Radical Reconstruction, the South was divided up and Johnson appointed state governors to ensure laws were followed and blacks protected. This did not always work very well. It also made many Southerners mad.

9. Johnson’s Impeachment
Who: Pres. Johnson vs. Congress & Edwin Stanton
What: Congress accused Johnson of improperly firing Stanton
When: 1868
Where: Washington DC
How: Stanton was the war Secretary and Johnson fired him over a disagreement about Reconstruction; violated Tenure of Office Act
Why: 1st time a pres. had been impeached; found not guilty by a single vote

10. Presidential Impeachment
Bill Clinton
Edwin Stanton
Richard Nixon
(not impeached)

11. Homework How did Andrew Johnson treat the South during Reconstruction?
What were some pros and cons of both plans for Reconstruction?
Do you think Johnson’s impeachment was justified? Why or Why not?

12. Vocabulary II – The Laws
Reconstruction amendments
13th – officially ended slavery
14th - equal protection for everyone BORN in the US and are citizens (including slaves)
15th – allowed all MALES to vote, no matter “race, creed or color”
Black codes – laws made in the south to limit freedom of former slaves
Jim Crow laws – other laws limiting blacks ability to vote in the South
Civil Rights acts of 1866 & 1875 – helped protect blacks rights

13. Reconstruction Laws
Good
Bad

14. Reconstruction Amendments
Three amendments to the Constitution were passed during Reconstruction
The 13th amendment formally ended slavery in all states in the US
The 14th amendment protected every citizen under the same laws (no difference between black & white)
The 15th amendment stated that all MALES would be able to vote

15. Segregation Laws
Some laws passed in the South were aimed at limiting African-Americans’ new rights
Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
These laws included things like
Literacy test to prove you could read
Poll taxes were money you had to pay to vote
Both of these rules kept poor, uneducated whites from voting as well as blacks
Finally, the grand-father clause allowed these whites to vote but still kept blacks from voting

16. Civil Rights Laws
Civil Rights Acts of was passed before the 14th amendment to help guarantee African-Americans’ rights
Civil Rights Acts of 1875 was aimed at ending discrimination in the South

17. Homework Short essay about laws passed during Reconstruction.
Good laws – why were they good? What did they do?
Bad laws – why were they bad?
Were any in between good and bad?
Should have an intro paragraph, 2 body paragraphs and a closing
A paragraph has more than 1 sentence

18. Vocabulary III – The People
Scalawags – Southern who supported Radical Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South to help rebuild
Ku Klux Klan – group of whites that used violence and fear to try to keep blacks powerless
Lynch – to kill a person by hanging often without a trial
Sharecropping – system of farming in which farmers rent land from owners in exchange for part of harvest
Freedmen’s Bureau – federal agency set up to help newly freed slaves
Freedman’s schools – schools set up to help educate blacks

19. Sharecropping

20. Treatment of African Americans in the South
Who: Ku Klux Klan & democrats vs. blacks and republicans
What: violent racism aimed at restoring the South’s glory
When: late 1860s through 1870s
Where: the South
Why: whites were angry at losing the war and blacks having equal rights that they disagreed with
How: fear & intimidation; lynching blacks & whites, mobs, burning crosses; keeping them from voting

21. KKK posters

22. Birth of the Civil Rights Movement
Civil rights are right granted to all citizens
These are what African Americans gained because of the Reconstruction Amendments
African-American leaders did not always agree though on how to go about ensuring these rights
Booker T Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois

23. Different Ideas for helping Blacks
Teacher
Stressed importance of education and hard work
Thought these 2 things would allow blacks to make a place for themselves
Thought blacks could assimilate or join into white culture
Founded Tuskegee Institute
Academic and job training
Writer and activist
Fought for immediate civil rights guaranteed by the government
Thought blacks needed equal footing before moving forward
Called for blacks to challenge whites
Co-founder and head of NAACP
Washington
Du Bois

25. LeMoyne–Owen College
Founded in Memphis in 1862 as a school for freed blacks and to educate future African-American teachers

26. End of Reconstruction presidents
Ulysses Grant ( )
Rutherford Hayes ( )

27. Ulysses S Grant ( )
Attended West Point Military Academy but was only an average student
Commander of Union forces in the west during the Civil War
Fought and won the Battles of Shiloh and Vicksburg; Eventually forces Lee to surrender in VA
Elected president in 1868
Presidency marked by corruption in his administration because he appointed dishonest friends to his cabinet

28. Rutherford B Hayes (1877-81) Lawyer from Ohio and served in Union army
Compromise candidate elected
to appease southern Democrats
Won by 1 electoral vote
His election marked the end of Reconstruction
Worked to clean up political offices after Grant’s scandal
First president to have a phone installed in the White House
Phone number was ‘1’

29. End of Reconstruction
Who: Presidents Ulysses S Grant (former Union commander) & Rutherford Hayes
What: formal end to many Reconstruction programs
When: 1877 (after Hayes’ election)
Where: The US
Why: people lost faith in Grant due to scandal & a bad economy
How: the Compromise of 1877 decided the election for Hayes, a republican, in exchange for removing troops and governors from the South, funds for construction in the South and democrats promised to respect blacks rights

30. Reconstruction Successes Reconstruction Failures
Southern states in debt
Most black southerners still remain in a cycle of poverty
Black Codes/Jim Crow laws limit African Americans civil rights (Plessy v. Ferguson)
African American are disenfranchised (denied right to vote)
Northern voters had never supported Radical Republicans ideals of total equality
Women were left out of civil rights gains
reunited the Union
rebuilt war-torn South
13th Amendment Ends Slavery
14th Amendment Rights of Citizens to have “equal protection”
15th Amendment Right to Vote
For a short period of time, African Americans are elected to national and state govenrment
Reconstruction Successes
Reconstruction Failures

31. Tennessee during Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson was from Tennessee
Tennessee was the first Southern state to pass the 14th amendment and was the first state readmitted to the Union
Because of this, it did not have a military governor
The Ku Klux Klan was founded in Pulaski, TN
Nathan Bedford Forest was an early leader and from Tennessee.

32. Homework How did the KKK benefit the Democratic Party?
What did Radical Republicans give up in the Compromise of 1877? What did Democrats give up?
How did Booker T Washington’s and WEB Du Bois ideas for civil rights differ?
Review day: Monday 8/25
Test day: Tuesday 8/26