2. Roman Culture “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.” --Horace (Roman writer)

3.  To the glory that was Greece. And the grandeur that was Rome.  (“ 光荣属于希腊, 伟大属于罗马.”)

4. Romans and Greeks  Similarities:  Politically, Citizen assembly( 公民大会 ), hostile to monarchy and servility.  Religion: Their myths were fused.  Language: Their languages were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo- European language family.

5. Differences:  The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t. Alexander’s conquest  The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.  Roman law—guaranteed the rights of plebeians( 平民 ).

6.  She—Wolf  753 B.C.  146 B.C.  27 B.C.  Pax Romana  3rd Century  Julius Caesar  Augustus Caesar  Antony and Cleopatra

7. Contents  Origin of Rome  Roman history  Julius Caesar  Augustus Caesar  Antony and Cleopatra  Literature  Architecture

8. Creation of Rome  she—wolf  Romulus  Remus  Mars

9. Creation of Rome

10. Roman History  1400 B.C. there were inhabitants in Palatine Hill, the site the Rome was founded.  In 753 B.C., Rome was founded.  625 B.C. the Romans built a central marketplace, which later grew into a true city.  After 600 B.C. Rome expanded rapidly into one of the largest cities in Italy.

11. Roman History  509 B.C. Rome became a republic.republic  146 B.C. Rome conquered Greece—the burning of CorinthCorinth  27 B.C. Republic—Empire  Pax Romana( 罗马盛世 ): 200 years of peace  3rd century, the Empire began to decline;

12. Roman History  4th century, the emperor Constantine Capital: Rome—Byzantium Constantinople (modern Istanbul)  After 395, the empire was divided into East and West;  In 476, West Roman Empire fell;West Roman Empire fell;  In 1453, East Roman Empire ended.

13. the Roman System consuls senate The assemblies of citizens

17. The fall of west Rome  1. the army was ineffective;  2. inroads of the barbaric tribes;  3. financial problems  4. civil wars

18. 3. Julius Caesar  Julius Caesar (100B.C.— 44B.C.)  Rome—Republic  A brilliant Military leader;  A consul in 59 B.C.  Assassination in 44 B.C.

19. Augustus Caesar  Augustus Caesar (63 B.C.— 14 A.D.)  The first Roman emperor  Octavian Caesar  the heir of Julius Caesar  He established his power only after his great uncle’s death.  War against Antony

20.  In 27 B.C. the Senate granted Octavian the name “Augustus”, meaning “the exalted”. ( 神 圣，尊贵）  Rome achieved great glory under Augustus: Restore peace; an honest government; extended a highway system; fostered free trade; build many bridges  He was worshiped as a god.

21. Antony and Cleopatra

22. 4. Latin Literature  (1) Prose  ♥ Marcus Tullius Cicero  Noted for his oratory and fine writing style  His legal and political speeches are models of Latin diction.

23.  Diseases of the soul are more dangerous than those of the body.  心灵上的疾病比身体上的疾病更危险  The countenance is the portrait of mind, the eyes are its informers.  表情是思想的写照，眼睛是心灵的窗户。  Happy life lies in a peaceful mind.  幸福的生活存在于心绪的宁静之中。

24. Julius Caesar  ♥ Julius Caesar  He recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns.  He used language with economy and ferocity.  “I came, I saw, I conquered.”  “Men willingly believe what they wish.”

25.  (2) Poetry  ♥ Virgil (70—19 B.C.)  The great epic: the Aeneid  Aeneas—son of Venus  Adventure from Troy to Italy

26. 5. Architecture: 1) The Pantheon 27 B.C.

27. The Pantheon ( 万神庙）

30. 2) Pont du Gard （加尔桥）

32.  3) Triumphal arches

33. Roman Fountains

35. 4) the Colosseum

37. 5. Sculpture: she—wolf  Romulus  Remus  Mars

39. Constantine the Great

40. Quiz 1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.?______  A. Greek Culture B. Roman Culture C. Egyptian Culture D. Chinese Culture 2. In _______ the Romans conquered Greece.  A. 1200 B.C. B. 700 B.C. C. 146 B.C. D. the 5th century 3. Who wrote, “ I came, I saw, I conquered ”? _______  A. Horace B. Julius Caesar C. Marcus Tullius Cicero C. Virgil 4. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?  A. The Colosseum B. The Pantheon C. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard

41. 5. Julius Caesar was assassinated in the year of ___. A. 146B.C. B.44B.C C. 27B.C. D. 40B.C. 6. Who is the first Roman Emperor? A. Agamemnon B. Alexander C. Julius Caesar D. Augustus Caesar 7. Who is not one of the greatest philosophers in ancient Greece? A. Plato B. Galileo C. Socrates D. Aristotle 8. Who is not involved in the Trojan War? A. Achilles B. Priam C. Hector D. Dido

42. 1. Once every 4 years the Greeks had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports. Thus began the Olympic Games. Revived in _____, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sports competition. 2. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. He probably lived around 700 B.C. Two such epics, the _____ and the _____, have survived. 1896 Iliad Odyssey

43.  3. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the _______ style which is also called the masculine style; the ______ style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the _______ style.  4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable phenomenon in history known as the ________  5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of ________. Doric Ionic Corinthian Pax Romana Rome

44. Homework  Do you know any story or myth about how the world comes into being?