1. Blue v. Gray Yankee v. rebel Brother v. brother union v. confederate
The Civil War ( )
Blue v. Gray Yankee v. rebel Brother v. brother union v. confederate

2. The South Secedes
The force of events moved very quickly upon the election of Lincoln. South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. State by state, conventions were held, and the Confederacy was formed.
Within three months of Lincoln's election, seven states had seceded from the Union.
Confederate soldiers took over federal institutions such as post offices, courthouses and forts

3. Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln

4. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

5. The President’s first dilemma
The day after the inauguration, Lincoln gets a message from Major Anderson who is Fort Sumter’s (S. Carolina) commander that the Confederacy was demanding surrender or attack
Lincoln knew his actions would set the tone for a possible upcoming war
A smart political maneuver- Would not abandon the Fort nor would he reinforce it.
Sent in food for the “hungry men”
Leader of the Confederate Army,
Jefferson Davis, choose to initiate war.
4/12/1861 first shots were fired
After 4000 rounds, Anderson and his
men surrendered

6. Strength of the Union
Twice the population. 20 million in North only 9 million in South.
Twice as much other stuff too… (Railroads, factories, guns, food, communication, etc..)
A functioning government.
Strong beliefs about ending slavery and preserving the Union.

7. Strength of the Confederates
Better military leaders because most (7 out of 8) of the military schools were in the South… so better military leadership with Generals too.
King Cotton and the money it made in the world market
They only had to be defensive. They were not having to go into the North and attack…they just needed to wear the Union troops out.
Strong beliefs about their own right to independence.

8. Rating the North & the South

9. Railroad Lines
1860

10. Resources: North & the South

11. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

12. Recruitment and Conscription
Conscription- Required all white men aged 18 to 35 to serve in the military for three years
Certain job could make a man exempt
-If you owned more than 20 slaves
Well off Southerners could hire substitutes
They try to get help from Britain and France
North original had many volunteers.
Enrollment Act also allowed exemptions and substitutes.
Paid volunteers $300 and punished “bounty jumpers”
“POOR MAN’S FIGHT

13. Financing the War Both sides turned to war bonds (loans from citizens)
Legal tender Act-authorized $150 million greenbacks (paper money)
Union made greenbacks legal tender which gave the public confidence and helped control inflation
Lack of confidence in Southern greenbacks led to more printing and an inflation rate of over 90%
National Bank Act of 1863-national bank notes

14. Americans Expect a short war
The fall of Fort Sumter united the North
President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for three months. In Iowa 20% states quota rushed to enlist
Virginia, not willing to fight against other Southern states, succeed.
The next month Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina follow
Northerners and Confederates both expected a short glorious war.
Troops left with bands playing and crowds cheering
**** Both sides felt the right was on their side

15. STRATEGIES The Northern strategy The South strategy
Union navy would create a naval blockade on southern ports,
a plan to split the Confederacy by going down the Mississippi river,
and capturing the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia
NICKNAMED:THE ANACONDA PLAN
** Goal was survival as their own nation
Came up with a defensive plan
Encouraged generals to attack and invade the North anytime the opportunity arose.

16. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

17. THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN
First major bloodshed of the war occurred at Bull Run near Washington, D.C. – Summer 1861
This battle made Confederate General Thomas Jackson famous
Nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” he inspired the Confederates to hold firm
Confederate victory boosted moral

18. BLOODIEST DAY IN AMERICAN HISTORY 9/17/1862
THE CLASH AT ANTIETAM
Now Lee moved towards the enemy’s capital.
After finding Lee’s army orders, McClellan ordered an immediate attack in Antietam, Maryland
The single bloodiest day in American history ,000 died
Lee and the Confederates retreated, McClellan did not follow- Lincoln fires him
Lincoln said McClellan had the case of “the slows” 
War becoming unpopular in the North
BLOODIEST DAY IN AMERICAN HISTORY 9/17/1862

20. A Revolution in Warfare
An ironclad ship could splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon fire and resist burning
Monitor Vs. the Merrimack
Invention of the rifle and the minie ball
Rifles were more accurate and could be loaded quicker
The minie ball was a soft lead bullet that was more destructive than earlier bullets

21. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
As the war progressed, Lincoln used his powers to end slavery
Many Northern believed that just winning the war would not be enough if slavery still existed
Emancipation was not just a moral issue; it became a weapon of war
Ordered army to seize Confederate supplies and emancipate slaves
Did not free slaves immediately because it applied only to areas behind Confederate lines, outside of Union control

22. Emancipation in 1863

23. Reactions
Gave the war a high moral purpose- Fighting to free the slaves!
Free blacks quickly joined the Union Army and proved to be talented soldiers
Many disagreed with the Emancipation Proclamation like the Democrats which thought it would only make “the South more mad”
“most execrable (hateful) measure recorded in the history of guilty men” Jefferson Davis.
Lincoln forced to suspend HABEAS CORPUS in Maryland to control dissenters.

24. African Americans Fight for Freedom
1862- Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the military
African Americans made up 1% of North’s population, but by the end of the year 10% of the Union’s army was African American
Still suffered discrimination….had to serve in separate regiments, were paid less and received no clothing allowance for uniforms
Confederates would not take African-American soldiers as prisoners and would often kill them on the spot
**Fort Pillow

25. Soldiers Suffer
Heavy casualties, poor living conditions, horrible diet and lack of medical care
Common food: “Cush” stew made up of small cubes of beef and crumbled cornbread mixed with bacon grease
United States Sanitary Commission: formed to improve hygiene and to recruit and train nurses
Clara Barton (angel of the battlefield) later forms the Red Cross
Andersonville, GA- Confederate Prison

26. Andersonville Cemetery
War Prison built to hold 10,000 prisoners…..Actually had 32,000 at one time

27. Confederate Prison Camp at Point Lookout, MD
Planned to hold 10,000 men.
Had almost 50,000 at one time.

28. War impact on economy North South
Most industry boomed (cotton slowed down)
Farmers bought machines to compensate for the lack of manpower on the farms
Inflation caused prices to rise, but wages did not
Immigrants, free blacks, and women would be hired for less pay.
Congress enacted a new tax law creating the nation’s first income tax
Food shortages
Loss of slaves to work the fields
Southern men left plantation life to fight
Prices of food soared
1861- $6.65 a month on food
1863- $63 a month
Food riots
Union blockade of ports caused shortages in ALL trade items

29. Foreign Relations
Britain buys cotton from India and Egypt, but still buys wheat and corn from the North.
Decides to stay neutral
The Trent Affair- Confederates sent two diplomats to ask for support from Britain and France
Lincoln realizes the importance of fighting only one war at a time!

30. Gettysburg
In a small town in Pennsylvania, the most decisive battle of the war was fought
Turning point of the war
Gettysburg was a three-day battle fought in early July of 1863
The Union had 90,000 troops under George Meade and the Confederates had 75,000 troops under General Lee
GETTYSBURG JULY, 1863

31. Day 1-looking for shoes and wanting to meet up with Lee and other Confederate troops, the army marched toward Gettysburg. Ran into Union troops, but end up taking the town
Day 2-Confederates attack Union troops. Ran out of ammunition and launched a bayonet attack. Rebels exhausted from the day before did not break through Union lines
Day 3-Lee orders another attack. Two hours of artillery was followed by an attack of the army. North waited and fired on the Confederates when they were close by
Death total from both sides was over 50,000.

32. The Gettysburg Address
November 1863 a ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery
Lincoln talked for a little over two minutes
“Remade America”- historian Garry wills

33. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

34. Confederacy Wears down
After the defeat of Gettysberg and having no supplies the South hoped to hold on long enough to destroy Northern morale and call an armistice
Southern farmers were angry about the tax on their livestock and produce
Many soldiers deserted and headed home or even joined the Union cause

35. GRANT AND LEE…..ONE LAST STANDOFF
Grant’s plan was to immobilize Lee’s army in Virginia while Union Commander Sherman raided Georgia
Grant threw Union troops into battle after battle
*He knew he could afford the loss and could replace the soldiers. The South could NOT
Newspapers called GRANT a “butcher”.
He knew there was NO turning back

36. Sherman’s March
Marched Union troops throughout Georgia creating a wide path of destruction.
Goal, “to make the Southerners so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.” “Make it as cruel as possible so it will be over sooner.”
For three monthes Union troops destroyed Georgia before turning North to meet up with Grant.
Destruction continued, homes were burnt and Union troops marched on to destoy Lee and the rest of the Confederate troops.
North Carolina spared. Troops near the end of the war was near. They were also the last to secced

37. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

38. Lincoln’s running mates
Democrates nominate George McClellan with hopes of an immediate armistice
Radical Republicans nomatate John C. Fremont and lay out a strict propsal of readmiting the Confederate states
National Union Party (Republican) choose Andrew Johnson as Lincoln’s running mate. Being pro Union and from the South gave hope to the ticket.
Lincoln is pessimistic about winning the election

39. End of war in sight and a second presidential terms
August 1864, Union shut down major southern port in Alabama than move on to Atlanta
By the end of September, Fremont withdraws from the race
October- General Sheridan chases the Southern troops from Northern Virginia
With the victories in the North and absentee ballots from the Union troops, Lincoln wins a second term

40. Presidential Election Results: 1864

41. Surrender at Appomattox
3/1865 Grant and Sheridan were approaching Richmond from the West and Sherman was approaching from the South
4/1865 President Davis and his government leave the capital and burn it to the ground
4/9/1865 Confederate surrender in a Virginia village called Appomattox
All Southern Troops were paroled and sent home
After four years of fighting the Civil War was OVER

42. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

43. The Union armies had from 1,600,000 men
The Union armies had from 1,600,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates:
Battle deaths:110,070
Disease, etc.:250,152
Total Dead = 360,222
The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses:
Battle deaths:94,000
Disease, etc.:164,000
Total Dead = 258,000
Combined Union and Confederate deaths = about 620,000 American deaths.

44. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

45. The War Changes the Nation
Political Changes
Economic Changes
Federal government assumed supreme national authority
Increased Federal governments power and involvement in citizens life
-Income taxes
-draft
-required use of national currency
Established the National Bank Act of 1863
Economy of Northern states boomed- had $ to invest after the war
Large-scale agriculture
**thanks to machines
Devastated the South- Took away cheap labor- SLAVERY
Destroyed over half of Southern livestock, railways and farms

46. Freedom for the First Time!
The Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves behind Confederate lines
Amendment #13 introduced to the house in January 1865.
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States”

47. Assassination
After several failed attempts at kidnapping Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth assassinates the President.
President was watching a play while Booth walked up and shot Lincoln in the back of the head.
First President to be assassinated… nation in shock, massive funeral/ceremony.
Country begins to wonder… What do we do next?

48. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

50. The Assassination

52. Lieutenant Luther Baker (a detective) yelled, "Surrender, or we'll fire the barn and smoke you out like rats! We'll give you five minutes more to make up your minds.“
Booth yelled, "Well, my brave boys, you can prepare a stretcher for me! I will never surrender!"