1. The Civil War Turning Point
Gettysburg
The Civil War Turning Point

2. Lincoln & McClellan shortly after the Battle of Antietam
Road to Gettysburg
After Antietam, General McClellan failed to finish off a retreating General Lee
Lincoln was frustrated & had him replaced
Lincoln eventually replaced his replacement with General Joseph Hooker
Hooker’s army fought at Chancellorsville where General “Stonewall” Jackson was mistakenly shot by his own men
Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson
General Joseph Hooker

3. Center: Jackson, Beauregard, and Lee
Lee’s Northern Push
Despite the tragic loss of “Stonewall” Jackson, Lee pressed into Pennsylvania
Lee heard there were shoes in Gettysburg
Lee had many ideas of what victories in the North would bring
Talks of peace
Eat Northern crops & allow southern fields to regrow
Fuel Northern discontent with the war
Lead to diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy from Europe
Assistance from Europe
Center: Jackson, Beauregard, and Lee

4. Gettysburg Campaign
Union
Confederacy

5. General Meade’s HQ @ Cemetery Hill in Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg
Fighting lasted 3 days on the hills & fields around Gettysburg, PA
July 1-3, 1863
90,000 Union troops were commanded by General George Meade
75,000 Confederate troops were commanded by General Robert E. Lee
Union troops tried to hold their ground on Cemetery Ridge, south of the town
General Meade’s Cemetery Hill in Gettysburg

6. Day One -Gettysburg

7. Day 2 - Gettysburg

8. Day 3 - Gettysburg Turning point of the battle
Lee ordered General George Pickett to directly attack the Union line
Pickett’s Charge
Approx. 13,000 rebel troops charge the ridge
Thousands died & the Confederates retreat

9. Confederate Retreat Union expected a counterattack that never came
Lincoln was again angered that his generals did not finish off Lee’s army
Union lost 23,000 men
Confederate casualties equaled 28,000
Lee leads his men back to Virginia
1/3 of Lee’s army was dead or wounded
Confederates never again cross the Union border
On the defensive for remainder of the war

10. Historical Context .
Battle was July 1-July 3, 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Approximately:
163,000 soldiers fought the battle
over 7,500 were killed
27,000 were wounded
11,100 were captured or missing
The southern forces were defeated & did not return to fight in the north
Total casualties of the War to this time 472,154
This battle alone had 51,000 casualties 10

11. The Gettysburg Address11

12. Abraham Lincoln Leader of the Republican Party in 1860
16th President of the United States receiving 40% of the popular vote
Southerners called him the “Black Republican” for fears that he would abolish slavery & end the ‘Southern way of life”
Southern states seceded in response to his election
Lincoln stated at the beginning of the conflict that his intention was to preserve the union, not end slavery
The Emancipation Proclamation & the Gettysburg Address began the movement towards abolishing slavery
Redefined the purpose of war 12

13. Gettysburg Address November 1863
4 months after the battle of Gettysburg
15,000 people gathered to dedicate the Soldiers’ National Cemetery
Keynote Speaker – Edwin Everett, the best orator of the period, spoke for 2 hours
Lincoln’s address 271 words & lasted 2 minutes

14. Gettysburg Address
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
Score = 20 years – 20X4=80+7= =1776 (Independence Day)

15. The Gettysburg Address (1863) Abraham Lincoln
Main Points:
It is time we talk about the promise of equality.
“…a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”
We honor the soldiers sacrifice.
“The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.”
“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us”
The Union is worth fighting for.
“—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not parish from the earth.” 15

16. Monument on the Spot of Lincoln’s Address Soldiers’ National Cemetery Gettysburg, Pennsylvania