1. Cognitive development
Piaget

2. Jean Piaget Wanted to know how children use intelligence
Observed his own three children
Came up with a stage approach
Every stage approach has 3 assumptions
Stages must be in order and each must build on the previous
Progression is closely liked to ages changes
Stage progression is sign posted by major steps and changes
Piaget video

3. Jean Piaget
Cognitive development occurs as we adapt to the changing world around us
He described this development as ADAPTATION
The continuous process of using the environment to learn and learning to adjust to changes in the environment
Adaptation occurs though 2 closely related process Assimilation and Accomodation

4. Assimilation
Process of taking new information and fitting it into already existing categories and mental idea of things
The infant uses pre existing information it has to work out what a new object is and how to use it.
Adaptation video

5. What is this?
Playing with the hammer then the wrench Give 2 of your own examples of Assimilation

6. Accommodation
refers to changing an existing mental idea in order to fit new information.
More advanced then assimilation
Involves restructuring mental ideas, so it can accommodate for the new stimulus.
This done by either creating new schema or changing the existing idea of what old schema is

7. The spanner is now used to turn things✓

8. Piaget’s four stages of development

9. Stage 1: Sensorymotor 0-2 Years
Coordinating sensory input with motor actions

10. Object permanence
Understanding that objects still exist even after our senses can no longer detect them.
Happens gradually and may not be fully acquired until 18 months
Object permanence video

11. Test for object permanence

12. Goal Directed Behaviour
Behaviour which is carried out with a particular purpose in mind.
They begin to work out how to obtain things they want
Eg. the infant learns to reach objects on a table by pulling themselves up at the side of the table.
Goal Directed behaviour video

13. Stage 2: Preoperational
Age Years Old
Have a greater ability to imagine things and represent things in their mind

14. Symbolic thinking
The ability to use symbols such as words or pictures to represent object, places or events
This is evident as they begin to pretend play more often. eg using a stick as a sword or telephone.

15. Egocentrism
An inability to see things from another persons perspective.
★Christmas Presents
★Brothers and sisters
Over this period children become decentered and they develop the ability to things from another’s perspective
Egocentrism Video

18. Conservation
Even though the shape of an object may be changed the total amount remains the same.
Children at the preoperational stage do not understand this
Conservation Video

20. Centration
The tendency to focus on only one aspect of an object or problem at a time while neglecting the other aspects
Centration Video

21. Stage 2 Test

22. Stage 3: Concrete Operational
Children can figure our relationships between objects provided the objects are physically present.

23. Reversibility Children can mentally undo their activities.
Ability to trace a subject back to its original roots
The juice in a cup activity
Elephants have big ears, Your teacher has big ears therefore your teacher is an elephant
Reversibility video

24. Decentration
A child can focus on more than one object at once.

25. Hierarchical classification
New problem solving capacity
Requires materials to be classified into different classes

26. Stage 3: Test

27. Stage 4: Formal Operational
Age: 12 Years old and over
Can think about and solve abstract problems in a logical manner
Many people never reach this level.
Many people struggle with these concepts and often resort to concrete thinking when things get too abstract.

28. Abstract
a way of thinking that does not rely on being able to see or visualize things in order to understand concepts
What is honesty?
What is love?
Does God exist?
Why do we ethics?
What is good and bad?

29. Logical Thinking
they are able to develop strategies to solve problems, identify a range of possible solutions to problems, develop hypotheses (predictions and explanations) and systematically test solutions.
Deductive reasoning is another name for this
Deductive Reasoning Video