1. Cognitive Development

2. Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory

3. Kinds of Knowledge physical knowledge logico-mathematical knowledge
social knowledge

4. Constructivism children are active learners, not passive observers
organize their knowledge into schemes
schemes change through
assimilation
accommodation

5. Stages of Cognitive Development
children’s schemes change over time,
cognition develops in stages, not gradually
each stage builds on accomplishments of prior stage

6. Sensori-motor Stage ages birth – 2 years old
infant uses senses and motor abilities to explore
first explorations are innate reflexes
goal-directed behaviors
object permanence

7. Substages of Sensori-motor Stage
1st: (birth - 1 mo) innate reflexes, circular reactions
2nd: (1-4 mo)primary circular reactions
3rd: (4-8 mo)secondary circular
4th: (8-12 mo)goal directed behavior, object permanence
5th: (12-18 mo) tertiary circular
6th: (18-24 mo) mental representation

8. Preoperational Stage ages 2-7
child uses mental representations of objects
play moves from using real objects to more complex play
child’s thinking is perception-bound, egocentric, irreversible, centrated, intuitive, animistic

9. Concrete operations ages 7-11 child uses logical operations ability to
conserve
think flexibly
seriate
classify with more than 1 attribute and with hierarchical thinking

10. Formal operations ages 12 and up
child uses logical operations in a systematic fashion
can think abstractly
hypothetico-deductive thinking

11. Contributions of Piaget's Theories to Current Practice
focus on active, hands-on learning
play is important
sensitivity to a child's current level of understanding
acceptance of individual differences

12. Criticisms of Piaget's Ideas
research methods
underestimated the abilities of younger children
didn't adequately consider the role of culture and experience in children’s undertaking of his tasks
stage theory