1. Emotional Disorders

2. Signs of mental health problems: Sadness over specific event for no reason Hopelessness Violent or erratic mood swings Inability to concentrate or make decisions Fear and anger at the world Trouble getting along with others Severe sleep disturbances compulsive self- destructive behavior Frequent physical ailments

3. Emotionally healthy vs. emotionally unhealthy See chart on page 109

4. Emotional problems describe patterns of thinking and behavior that cause a person significant emotional pain or prevent normal functioning. Emotional problems affect any one or more of three important areas: 1. social or family relations 2. performance of tasks (including schoolwork) 3. leisure time activities

5. Emotional problems can run in families: learned, inherited, or both Emotional problems can be caused by brain damage from drugs, injuries, and diseases. (syphilis) Emotional problems can be caused by unbalance brain chemistry. Environmental factors can aggravate emotional problems: pressure from society

6. Two types of mental disorders: 1- ORGANIC DISORDER: When a disorder is caused by a physical illness or injury that affects the brain. ex: brain tumors, alcoholism, infections: syphilis, meningitis, stroke 2- FUNCTIONAL DISORDER: occurs as a result of psychological causes in which no brain damage is involved.

7. Functional disorders result from conditions such as: »Stress »Emotional conflict »Fear »Poor coping skills

8. ANXIETY DISORDERS Group #1 Disorders in which real or imagined fears prevent a person from enjoying life 1. Phobias 2. Obsessive-compulsive 3. General Anxiety 4. Post-traumatic Stress

9. PHOBIAS When a person goes to extreme measures to avoid a fear and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning ( lady with bugs, snake, bird, roach)

10. Phobias that start with the letter “A”!!!!!!

11. Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing. Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching. Acerophobia- Fear of sourness. Achluophobia- Fear of darkness. Acousticophobia- Fear of noise. Acrophobia- Fear of heights. Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances. Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places. Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness. Agateophobia- Fear of insanity. Agliophobia- Fear of pain. Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place. Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse. Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals. Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street. Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects. Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination) Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness. Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection. Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins. Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting. Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions. Atychiphobia- Fear of failure. Aulophobia- Fear of flutes. Aurophobia- Fear of gold. Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights. Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor. Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronics creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being. Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty. Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself. Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying.

12. Ailurophobia- Fear of cats. Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease. Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens. Algophobia- Fear of pain. Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic. Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions. Altophobia- Fear of heights. Amathophobia- Fear of dust. Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia. Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) Androphobia- Fear of men. Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers.. Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. Antlophobia- Fear of floods. Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) Apiphobia- Fear of bees. Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. Arrhenphobia- Fear of men. Arsonphobia- Fear of fire. Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness. Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia) Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space. Asymmetriphobia-

13. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER A person who has an unreasonable need to think and act in a certain way Compulsions becomes so repetitive that the person can not lead a normal life.

14. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder with two components: obsessions, which consist of thoughts, impulses, or mental images; and compulsions, which are repetitive behaviors that the person feels driven to perform in response to the obsessions Researchers have yet to pinpoint the exact cause of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), but brain abnormalities, genetic (family) influences, and environmental factors are being studied.

15. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER The 4 main types of OCD are: -checking -counting -hoarding -obsessive cleaning

16. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER ach time Ashley she leaves a classroom, passes the principal's office or leaves school, she has to imagine the number 12 on a clock and say the words "good luck" to herself. She reports that she can't stop thinking about the words "good luck." If she tries to stop herself from thinking about these words, she becomes very anxious and worries that she'll have a heart attack. In the classroom, she is often frozen in her seat, unable to respond. She worries that any decision she makes will result in something dreadful happening to her parents. Before going to sleep, she closes the bedroom door four times, turns the lights on and off four times and looks out the window and under her bed twelve times.

17. GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER The person feels anxious, fearful, upset most of the time for no specific reason

18. GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER Anxiety is often triggered by stress in our lives. Some of us are more vulnerable to anxiety than others, but even those who become anxious easily can learn to manage it well. We can also make ourselves anxious with "negative self- talk" - a habit of always telling ourselves the worst will happen. Abnormal over-sensitivity to carbon dioxide to the brain –Feelings of apprehension or dead –Trouble concentrating –Feeling tense or jumpy –Anticipating the worst –Irritability –Restlessness –Watching for signs of danger –Feeling like your mind has gone blank

19. GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER Physical Symptoms : –Pounding heart –Sweating –Stomach or dizziness –Frequent urination or diarrhea –Shortness of breath –Tremors or twitches –Muscle tension –Headaches –Fatigue –Insomnia

20. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER A condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long- lasting after effects. Ex: Vietnam, rape

21. Post traumatic stress can affect people who have gone through bombings, rape, floods, fires, torture, child abuse, kidnapping or hurricanes. These events could lead to anxiety attacks: sudden, extreme, disabling attack of panic that often comes on for no apparent reason. Includes dizziness, rapid heart rate, sweating, extreme alertness, rapid breathing

23. SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Group #2 Describes a condition in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found “hypochondria”

24. AFFECTIVE DISORDRES Group #3 Mood swings which are severe, from extreme happiness to extreme sadness, and last for a long period of time Clinical depression Manic depression/bipolar

25. CLINICAL DEPRESSION When feelings of sadness or hopelessness last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily activities and interests

26. Ten million U.S. citizens suffer from depression each year. 5 of every 100 teenagers suffer its most severe form. DEPRESSION can be difficult to diagnose.

27. Symptoms of depression: constant feelings of sadness, irritability, or tension decreased interest or pleasure in usual activities or hobbies loss of energy, feeling tired despite lack of activity a change in appetite, with significant weight loss or weight gain a change in sleeping patterns, such as difficulty sleeping, early morning awakening, or sleeping too much restlessness or feeling slowed down decreased ability to make decisions or concentrate feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt thoughts of suicide or death

28. Lord Byron described his mental state as “a chaos of the mind.” Edgar Allen Poe : alcoholic which is common in bipolar depression. “What made Poe write is what made Poe drink.” Robert Schumann: son of a bipolar author, German composer who wrote 130 songs in one year. He died in an asylum.

29. Vincent Van Gogh: he once wrote of his illness, “the weakness increase from each generation.” Virginia Woolf: She filled her pockets with stones and drowned herself. “I have a feeling I shall go mad,” she wrote. “I can not go on longer…” Ernest Hemingway: Born into a family plagued by suicide, the writer-haunted by manic enthusiasms and depressions-shot himself. Curt Cobain: Seattle grunge rocker took his band Nirvana to the top with Nevermind (one song: Lithium) but took his life at 27.

30. True story of depression: When I realized that something was wrong with me I just wasn’t motivated to even get out of bed and face the world and nothing in particular was bothering me, I just didn’t feel like dealing with anything. I think that was the biggest, the hardest part for me, was actually getting motivated, getting up, to even seek help to get up and go to therapy, or get up to go to the doctor to see what was going on. -Kareema “Oh, the things with depression that bother me the most are feeling like you’re encased in cement, where you just can’t drag your body out of bed, where the simplest of tasks is just daunting and you have to force yourself to re-focus and to pick yourself up and to take that shower, get to the grocery store, get the kids off to school, get to the office, get through your day.” -Bonnie

31. MANIC-DEPRESSIVE DISORDER When a person's moods shift dramatically form one emotional extreme to another for no apparent reason Bipolar depression 2.3 million women and men suffer from bipolar depression in the United States. Does not include kids under 18 years of age.

32. IS YOUR CHILD BIPOLAR? (a check list) Is excessively distressed when separated from family Exhibits excessive anxiety ro worry Has difficulty arising in the a.m. Is hyperactive and excitable in the p.m. Sleeps fitfully or has difficulty getting to sleep Has night terrors and wakes in the middle of the night Is unable to concentrate at school Has poor handwriting Has difficulty organizing tasks Has difficultly making transitions Has many ideas at once Is very intuitive and very creative Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Has periods of excessive, rapid speech Is willful and refuse to be subordinate Displays periods of hyperactivity Displays abrupt, rapid mood swings Has irritable moods states Has elated or silly, giddy mood states Has exaggerated ideas about self or abilities Exhibits inappropriate sexual behavior Feels easily rejected Has periods of low energy Has periods of self-doubt, poor self esteem

33. PERSONALITY DISORDERS These disorders have no apparent distinct signs or symptoms!

34. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Characterized by a person’s constant conflict with society- The person my display behavior that is cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, and impulsive

35. PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER These people are often uncooperative with others They resent being told what to do They show their anger indirectly

36. SCHIZOPHRENIA A mental disorder meaning “split mind” This disorder affects 1-2% percent of the population Appearing most in people between the ages of 15 and 35.

37. A person with schizophrenia lose the ability to distinguish fantasy from reality, and become less and less able to function. Brain imaging shows signs of brain tissue shrinkage in those suffering from schizophrenia. Fluid-filled spaces exist in some areas where working brain tissue is normally found.

38. Schizophrenia is "a largely genetic illness, one that seems to be clustered within families. It seems to be more neurodevelopmental, influenced by how the brain develops. It usually appears in late teens to young adulthood and is more common than DID, with 2.2 million Americans living with the disease

39. SYMPTOMS Distortions in thought content (delusions) Hearing, seeing, tasting, feeling, or smelling things that others do not experience (hallucinations) Disorganized speech and behavior In schizophrenia, words are split from meaning, thought is split from emotion, perceptions split from reality, and actions split from motives. In MPD or DDI there are 2 or more intact personalities.

40. Multiple Personality Disorder AKA Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is an effect of severe trauma during early childhood, usually extreme, repetitive physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. However, dissociative identity disorder is a severe form of dissociation, a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. The dissociative aspect is thought to be a coping mechanism -- the person literally dissociates himself from a situation or experience that's too violent, traumatic, or painful to assimilate with his conscious self.

41. True Stories of Split Personalities The Three Faces of Eve A doctor is treating’ Eve White when he discovers that her headaches and occasional blackouts are actually the result of -- -- multiple personalities! Under hypnosis, a whole new set of personalities emerge, such as nice-girl Jane and wild, fun-loving Eve Black. Eve White is a timid, self- effacing wife and mother who has severe and blinding headaches and occasional blackouts. Eventually she is sent to see a personality psychiatrist Dr. Luther, and while having a conversation, her "alter personality", wild, fun-loving Eve Black, discloses herself. Eve Black knows everything about Eve White, but Eve White is unaware of Eve Black. With Eve Black on the loose, Eve White's husband leaves her and abandons their daughter, Bonnie. Eve White is sent to an asylum after Eve Black tries to kill Eve White's daughter.. psychiatrist

42. True Stories of Split Personalities The Three Faces of Eve The doctor eventually prompts her to remember a traumatic event in Eve’s childhood. Her beloved grandmother had died when she was six, and according to family custom relatives were supposed to kiss the dead person at the viewing, making it easier for them to let go. Eve's grief and terror led to her "splitting off" into two distinctly different personalities. Under hypnosis at one session, a third personality appears, the relatively stable Jane. After discovering the cause of her disorder, Jane is gradually able to remember everything that has ever happened to all three personalities. When Luther asks to speak with Eve White, they discover that Eve White and Eve Black no longer exist. All three personalities are once again a single whole. She marries a man named Earl whom she met when she was Jane and reunites with her daughter Bonnie...

43. True Stories of Split Personalities Sybil A girl with 16 different personalities. It was based on a true story about a young woman whose childhood was so disturbing she developed all these vastly different personas. Here, split personality is used as a metaphor for what people do to survive and the plight of abused children. Shirley Ardell Mason (January 25, 1923 – February 26, 1998) was an American psychiatric patient and commercial artist who was reputed to have multiple personality disorder, now called dissociative identity disorder. Her identy was kept a secret for 20 years. She died of cancer at the age of 75.Americanpsychiatriccommercial artist dissociative identity disorder

44. True Stories of Split Personalities Sybil’s Female personalities: Vanessa: Holds Sybil's musical abilities, plays the piano and helps Sybil pursue a romantic relationship with Richard. She's a young girl, possibly 12 years old (that's what Richard says and Vanessa does not dispute). Vicky: 13 year old who speaks French, a very strong, sophisticated and mature personality who knows about and has insight into all the other personalities, though Sybil does not. (states age when she is looking in the mirror at her doctor's home) Peggy: 9 year old who speaks like a little girl. Holds Sybil's artistic abilities, often appears while crying hysterically due to Sybil's fears. She has many misconceptions; for instance, she does not know that she is in New York City and, instead, thinks she is in the small town that Sybil grew up. Peggy feels the greatest trauma from her mom's abuse, often feeling sad/depressed and unable to find happiness. Her biggest fears include the green kitchen, purple, Christmas, and explosions. Marcia: dresses in funeral attire and constantly has suicidal thoughts and attempts suicide. Supposedly tried to kill Sybil in the Harlem hotel but was stopped from Vicky. She thinks the end of the world is coming, but what she really fears is the end of Sybil. Mary: is Sybil's memory of her grandmother; she speaks, walks and acts like a grandmother, and is anxious to meet Sybil's grandmother.

45. True Stories of Split Personalities Sybil’s Female personalities: Nancy: who kept waiting for the end of the world and was afraid of Armageddon. She's a product of Sybil's dad's religious fanaticism. Ruthie: is one of Sybil's less developed selves, a baby in fact. When Sybil hears her mom's voice, she is so terrified that she regresses into Ruthie, an alter that parallels Sybil as a helpless, regressive, pre-verbal baby. Clara: Around 8–9 years old. No info given. Ellen: Around 13–14 years old. No info given. Margie: Around 10–11 years old. No info given. Sybil Ann: Around 5–6 years old. Very shy. Male Personalities Mike: built the shelf in the top of Sybil's closet to hide Vickie's paintings, which she does at night. He and Sid want to know if they can still give a baby to a girl like daddy did even though they are in Sybil's (a female's) body. He's around 9–10 years old. Sid: wants to be just like his father, loves football. He's around 7–8 years old.

46. True Stories of Split Personalities

47. TYPES OF THERAPY Therapy: any activity that has healing- promoting effect Counselor: a helping person Psychiatrist: MD who after completing medical school receives specialized training and is licensed to prescribe drugs. Psychoanalyst: a psychiatrist who specializes in seeking the root causes

48. Psychologist: graduate degree in psychology. Social worker: person with a graduate degree in social work includes training in counseling Drug therapy: Prozac, lithium

49. Codependent: “helper" that allows the troubled person to avoid facing problems. Enabling: misguided attempt to help, supports the continuation of the inappropriate behavior