1. Physical Geography
Sub-Saharan Africa

2. Where is Sub-Saharan Africa???

3. Four Regions

4. Landforms: Plateaus and Lowlands
Plateaus make up most of Africa.
A plateau is an area of high, flat land
The edges of plateaus are marked by escarpments.
The escarpments cause waterfalls, rapids, and prevent interior trade.
Lowlands (plains) border the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

6. Landforms: Escarpment
Africa is a large plateau with escarpments on the edges.
An escarpment is similar to a cliff although not as steep.

7. Landforms: Mountains
Africa does have scattered volcanic mountains, the old and worn Atlas mountains in the northwest, and the Ethiopian highlands
In the Ethiopian Highlands, population is high due to climate, resources.
The Drakensberg Range is found in Southern Africa.

9. Landforms: The Great Rift Valley
A rift valley is large break in the Earth’s surface formed by shifting plate tectonics. (divergent plates)
The Great Rift Valley stretches from Southwest Asia to southern Africa about 4,000 miles.
The valley has rich volcanic soil good for agriculture.
This is an area of earthquakes.

12. Landforms: Lakes
Part of rift valleys have filled with water forming Africa’s characteristic elongated lakes.
Along the Great Rift Valley people have settled near Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Malawi because of the access to fresh water.
Areas around Lake Victoria have a high population density due to climate and fresh water.

14. Landforms: Deserts
The Sahara, the world's largest non-polar desert, covers an area of 3,500,000 square miles.
The Sahara limits migration between northern and southern Africa.
Namib and Kalahari Desert in southern Africa have low population density and little economic activities due to arid climate.

16. Landforms: Sahel
Sahel: the semiarid region of Africa between the Sahara to the north and the savannas to the south
Nomadic farming is the type of subsistence farming found along the Sahel and east Africa due to climate.
Desertification: is the drying up of land along a desert.

18. Landforms: Serengeti
It lies in the tropical climate zone and as a result people participate in hunting, herding, and farming ecosystems.

19. Landforms: Congo Basin
The tropical climate allows for forestry and some agriculture due to the abundance of rain as compared to other regions.
Deforestation: rainforests are being cleared for farmers, materials, and fuel
Ecotourism- tourism that helps preserve the environment.

20. Climate Africa is the only continent that is centered on the equator.
As a result, the climates and vegetation of Africa are symmetrical about the equator

23. Mineral Resources
Oil is the principle export for many countries along the African coast.
Natural gas is found along the Atlantic
Coal deposits are located in central Africa.
Large deposits of diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, and gold are also found in Africa

24. Subsistence Agriculture: producing enough food to meet a family’s needs
Herding of animals
Crop cultivation
Mixed farming cultivation and animal herding