1. Life in the late 18 th century… Assume that travel by horseback could be accomplished at about 7.5 miles per hour, and travel by coach or carriage at about 9 miles per hour. Travel would occur about eight hours per day.

2. How long would it take in 1774 – at 9mph (only 8 hours per day) How long would it take in 2009 – at 65 mph 1. From Hartford, CT to Philadelphia: 213 miles 2. From Wilmington, DE to Philadelphia: 29 miles 3. Savannah, GA to Philadelphia: 728 miles 4. Baltimore, MD to Philadelphia: 103 miles 5. From Boston, MA to Philadelphia: 316 miles 6. Portsmouth, NH to Philadelphia: 364 miles 7. New York, NY to Philadelphia: 97 miles 8. Trenton, NJ to Philadelphia: 34 miles 9. Raleigh, NC to Philadelphia: 428 miles 10. Providence, RI to Philadelphia: 276 miles 11. Charleston, SC to Philadelphia: 682 miles 12. Williamsburg, VA to Philadelphia: 300 miles

4. Identification (1800s) A shift from manual labor to mechanized work. Changes in transportation, communication, and fabrication encouraged national economic growth and regional specialization.

6. In what part of the country were most of the canals, roads, and railroads located in the mid-1800s?

9. Who invented it? Identify the invention What was life like before it? What were the effects of this invention Which region did this impact the most? Robert Fulton Used steam engine to power a paddle and move upstream New Orleans  Louisville (1,440 mi) = 4 months By 1820… NOLA  Louisville = 20 days By 1838… NOLA  Louisville = 6 days Leads to a canal building boom (Erie Canal) Leads to growth of cities (NYC population grows from 124,000  800,000) North

10. Who invented it? Identify the invention What was life like before it? What were the effects of this invention Which region did this impact the most? Eli Whitney Separates seeds from cotton Seeds picked out by hand… 1 slave could clean 1 lb per day – not profitable! By 1794… hand cranked = 50 lbs per day By 1850… steam driven = 1,000 lbs per day Increased cotton production Increased need for slaves South

11. Who invented it? Identify the invention What was life like before it? What were the effects of this invention Which region did this impact the most? Eli Whitney Allows for mass production of guns Most items had to be custom made -Prices for all manufactured goods went down -Concept used for mass producing many things North