1. Warm-up: Thursday Read about the “Power of Popes”. Answer the following questions: 1. Who was the Pope? 2. What does “excommunicate” mean? 3. Why did people fear the punishment of excommunication?

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW HAS CHRISTIANITY INFLUENCED THE EVENTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES? Christianity in the Middle Ages

3. Let’s review When we last looked at the Roman Empire, what did we learn happened to them? Split into Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire Germanic peoples migrated into the weakening Roman Empire Vandals and the Visigoths sacked Rome = Fall of Roman Empire in 476 AD

4. Western Roman Empire  Germanic Kingdoms By A.D. 500, the Western Roman Empire had been replaced by a number of states ruled by German kings

5. Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire Capital at Constantinople  Population in the hundreds of thousands  Largest city in Europe during the Middle Ages  Center of trade between east and west

6. Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Replaced by various Kingdoms ______________ was the main religion Church came to be known as _________ _________________ Head of church called a _________ Called the Byzantine Empire ________________ was the main religion Church came to be known as _________ ________________ Head of church called a ____________ West vs. East Christianity Roman Catholic Church pope Eastern Orthodox Church patriarch

7. Constantinople: Hagia Sophia

8. Power of the Church The Roman Catholic Church was the single, largest unifying structure in medieval Europe. It touched everyone's life, no matter what their rank or class or where they lived. With the exception of a small number of Jews, everyone in Europe was a Christian during the Middle Ages from the richest king down to the lowest serf.

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10. How did Christianity spread? Missionaries – people sent out to carry a religious message As Germanic peoples settled in and around the Roman Empire, many converted to Christianity

11. Charlemagne: Leader of Carolingian Empire Charlemagne was Christian and promoted the religion while he was in charge He encouraged learning, which took place in the monasteries

12. Education Educated and literate individuals in the early middle ages were usually part of the church:  priests, monks, bishops, abbots Very few others received a formal education during this time. Monk = a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God; monks live in monasteries headed by abbots

13. Monasteries Monasteries played various roles in society:  Served as inns, orphanages, hospitals  Set up schools  Monks copied works of Latin literature (thanks to them, we have it today)

14. Monasteries Monasteries were effective agents in the spread of Christianity. Monks preached while providing services to the rural communities.

15. Organization of the Church The Catholic Church has an hierarchy: Parishes: local Christian communities Parishes led by priests Group of parishes led by bishop These areas were combined to be led by an archbishop Over time, the bishop of Rome claimed that he was the leader of the church Pope Archbishop Bishop Priest

16. Power of the Church Pope Gregory I set in place the idea that the bishop of Rome was the ultimate authority in the Christian church What is the title of this person?  pope Pope Gregory I (590 – 604)

17. Division in the Church Schism – separation between the two great branches of Christianity Eastern Orthodox Church was unwilling to accept the Pope’s claim that he was the sole head of the Christian church This led to a schism = split = in 1054 Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other (each took away the other’s rights of church membership)

19. Copy the Diagram: Christianity Roman Catholic Church Protestant Eastern Orthodox Church

20. What about the people who want to follow different beliefs?

21. Inquisition Inquisition = a court established by the Catholic Church in 1232 to discover and try heretics Heretic – A person who holds controversial opinions, especially one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church. Heresy – denial of basic church doctrine (beliefs)

22. Inquisition Beginning in 1252, those who did not confess voluntarily to heresy were subject to torture until they confessed The Christians of the 13 th century believed the only path to salvation was through the church.  Heresy was a crime against God and against humanity

23. In what other ways did the Church affect the events during the Middle Ages?

24. The Crusades 1096-1212 Crusades: military expeditions to regain Holy Land from Muslims Rallied the warriors of Europe Liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels  Where is the Holy Land?  Holy land = Palestine  What are infidels?  Non-believers

26. The Crusades Why did Europeans willingly fight? Motivations  Guarantee of forgiveness of sins  Adventure  Chance to gain territory and riches

27. Effects of the Crusades Effects = Trade improved between Italian Port cities and the East Beginning of massacres against Jews Decline of Feudalism  Nobles sold land and freed serfs to join Crusades  King’s power increased and nobles lose power

29. Remaining Time: Pictionary!

30. Vocabulary:Add the following words to your vocab sheet! Inquisition Pope Schism Monk Monastery Missionary heresy Define in your own words and draw a picture! (Hint: :Look at your notes!) Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church

31. Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church