1. Chapter 14 Immigration and Urbanization
1865 to 1914
Page 462

2. Section 1 New Immigrants
Compare new immigration to earlier immigration
Explain push and pull factors
Describe challenges of Immigration
Analyze how immigrants adapted to American life while keeping some aspects of culture

3. A. New Immigrants Early immigrants New Immigrants
Coming for economic opportunity and religious freedom
Protestants from Northern and Western Europe
Wealthier and educated
Settle on farms
New Immigrants
Southern and Eastern Europe
Unskilled, poor, catholic or Jewish, and likely to settle in cities
Irish, German, Poland, Czech, Russia, Italy, Greece

4. B. Reasons Push factors Pull factors
Political turmoil, religious persecution, lack of land, famine, poverty
Pull factors
Hope, opportunity, jobs, land, homestead act, advertisements, family letters, religious freedom,

5. C. Experience
Long Journey- ticket becoming cheaper and journey shorter
Only take what you could carry
Journey across ocean in Steerage-
Statue of liberty:
Ellis Island- first stop for many in New York Harbor
Decide if they can stay or go
medical inspection, criminal record, job skills
2% denied

6. Angel Island- located in San Francisco Bay
Dealt mostly with Asian immigration
Wait was much longer
Weeks even months

7. D. Melting Pot
Americanization- wanted immigrants to assimilate into American culture
Language, clothing, customs
Schools and settlement houses suppose to help Americanize immigrants
Melting Pot- belief that the people of U.S. developed one big culture
Actually, many groups maintained their own identities and adapted some aspects
More like a layered cake

8. E. Hostility Many did not like immigrants
Taking jobs, lowering wages, different religion and customs
Nativist- groups against immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act – stopped Chinese from coming to the U.S.
Also limited rights of Asians already here

9. Section 2 Cities Expand and Change
OBJ: analyze the causes of Urban growth in the late 1800’s
Explain how technology improved city life
Evaluate how city dwellers solved the problems caused by rapid urban growth

10. A- America Becomes Nation of Cities
1860- Most Americans live on farms
16% in cities
By 1900, 30% live in cities
Urbanization-
Advantages-1- railroads and rivers help grow
2: More jobs and opportunities
3: More entertainment
4: Higher standard of living?

11. B. Immigrants Cities growing because of Immigrants mostly
Many lived in neighborhoods with same ethnic groups
Rural to urban migrants also rising
Factories paid in cash
African Americans also moving to cities

12. C. Technology Must accommodate all those people
Sewers, garbage, water
Skyscrapers built ten stories and up
Elisha Otis- invented the safety elevator
Mass transit- subways and electric cars made mass transportation possible
Boston?
Suburbs??

13. Zoning laws become important. Why?
Parks- Frederick Law Olmsted?
Housing- most had way too many people living in them
Tenements?
Dumbbell Tenements?

14. Water and Sanitation needed to be disposed of
Waste ran down streets and garbage was dumped in allies
City planners had to find ways to dispose of waste
Fire- Chicago fire of 1871? Fire stations had to be created and different fire codes had to be enacted
Crime- some places in cities even cops would go

15. Section 3 Social and Cultural Trends
OBJ: Explain how new types of stores and marketing changed American Life
Analyze the ways in which Americans developed a mass culture
Describe the new forms of popular entertainment in the late 1800’s

16. City Life and Leisure Section 3
World’s fair held in Chicago in 1893
Tickets sold for 50 cents a piece
Chain and department stores opening up all over the country
R.H. Macy and company, Sears, Montgomery Ward, Frank Winfield
Advertising became very valuable. Brand names so people could recognize companies

17. The Popular Press Newspapers and magazines growing
Better postal rates
Cheap to produce
More people can read
Eye catching headlines- yellow journalism
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
Reported on common events: Sports, National and World Events
Also helped to expose corruption

18. Education Education was how immigrants were assimilated
Starting in 1852, states passed laws requiring kids to go to school
Kindergarten became widespread
Public Schools opened: Three R’s
Colleges opening up across country
Literacy rate up to nearly 92%
Attendance doubled
African Americans left out

19. Women in the Work Force
Women going to college more than five times by 1920
Still expected to fill traditional women roles
Housework, clerks, secretaries
Women in factories still paid less

20. Leisure time
City life offered people leisure time they didn’t get on the farm
New Sports
Baseball, American Football, boxing, bicycling
Knickerbockers Club 1845
Cincinnati Red Stockings
World Series in 1903
Theater: Comedies, stage, opera
Public Parks
New Trends in Art and Museums