1. SOCIOLOGY of ORGANIZATIONS SOCIOLOGY of ORGANIZATIONS SOCIOLOGICAL THOERIES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY

2. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

3. MICRO-LEVEL THEORIES  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM- concerned with how people give meaning to the events, objects and individuals in their everyday lives; focuses on how one defines and responds to events and situations

4. Symbolic Interactionism  Groups form from interacting individuals; through interactions, people learn what to expect from others and learn to share common understandings through the use of symbols (such as language); through symbolic communication people learn to socially construct a world of meaning.

5. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISTS  George Herbert Mead  Interested in how humans define their situations and how we learn our social roles

6. MACRO-LEVEL THEORIES  Structural Functionalism-assumes that all parts of the social structure, culture and social processes work together to make the whole society run smoothly and harmoniously

7. FUNCTIONALISTS  COMTE  ROBERT MERTON-manifest and latent functions

8. functionalists  TALCOTT PARSONS-  -all the parts of the social system are interrelated and each persons some task or function necessary for a society’s survival

9. FUNCTIONALISTS  EMILIE DURKHEIM(1858-1917)  -individuals conform to the rules of societies because of a collective conscience- the shared beliefs in the values of a group;

10. Durkheim  people grow up sharing the same values, beliefs and rules of behavior as those around them and gradually these beliefs and rules are internalized to the extent that a person’s behavior is governed from within because it feels right to behave in accord with what is expected

11.  DURKHEIM AND OTHER FUNCTIONALISTS PLACE GREAT EMPHASIS ON SOCIETAL CONSENSUS, WHICH GIVES RISE TO STABLE AND PREDICTABLE PATTERNS OF ORDER  PEOPLE NEED GROUPS TO SURVIVE SO THEY ADHERE TO THE GROUP’S RULES SO THEY FIT IN

12. CONFLICT THEORY  Conflict in any group or society is inevitable.

13. Conflict Theory  Conflict Theorists advance the following ideas: *conflict and the potential for conflict underlie all social relations

14. Conflict Theory *social change is desirable, particularly changes that bring about a greater degree of social equality

15. Conflict Theory *the existing social order reflects the powerful imposing their values and beliefs upon the weak

16. CONFLICT THEORISTS  W.E.B. DuBois  Race as a construct perpetuating inequality

17. CONFLICT THEORISTS  Jane Addams-  Hull House

18. CONFLICT THEORISTS  KARL MARX  MEANS OF PRODUCTION  PROLETARIAT  BOUGIEOISE