1. The Battle for the Blue & the Gray
American CIVIL WAR
The Battle for the
Blue & the Gray

2. (The War between the States)
(The War between the States)
More lives lost in Civil War than in World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam!
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3. Civil War split the country in half!
North
South
Civil War split the country in half!
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4. Background Information
1st Modern War in America
Reasons:
Armies were organized and trained for battle.
Strategies / tactics used to defeat each other.
Artillery / Weaponry improves during the war. Submarine, Rifle, Gattling Gun, etc..,..
Communities/Towns/States organized regiments to fight for the cause.
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5. Long Range causes Money - Industrial North vs Agricultural South
States Rights - South felt that they had certain rights to run their state government w/o interference
Expansion - South wants to push slavery into West.
Lifestyle – Northerners = City life / Southerners Plantation lifestyle
Secession - Southerners felt that they should leave Union to get what they want!
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6. Immediate Causes of the War: SLAVERY!
Talmadge Amendment (1819) – Congressional attempt to prohibit any more slaves in Missouri.
Defeated by US Senate.
11 free state /11 slave
Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Congressional Proposal twice passed through the House but was defeated in Senate.
North (anti slavery) control House
South (fire eaters) balance equal in Senate!
Polk never took sides in the debate and when he left office in 1849 country was divided over the issue of slavery!
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7. Missouri Compromise of 1820
Draw line across country. All states north of line are free, south of line are Slave.
Congress admits MS as a slave SLAVE state, and MAINE as a free state.
This establishes a precedent. Admit 1 free for 1 slave state.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
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8. Growth & Expansion 1848:Mexican War USA gets territory of Texas.
Jan. 24, 1848 – Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill
1849: California petitions for statehood.
Congress now has to determine again if each will come in as Free or Slave.
California straddles the line!
Growth & Expansion
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9. San Francisco Jan 1849
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10. San Francisco Oct 1849
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11. Debate Over California
15 Slave and 15 Free States exist!
President: Zachary Taylor (had already warned Southerners he would hunt them down and kill them as deserters if they try to leave Union)
If CA is admitted, there are no Slave states to balance up the sides!
Unhappy trio – Clay, Calhoun & Webster
One more time on the floor of the Senate.
Debate the merits of the Compromise.
Clay – 73 years old, tired and feeble.
Calhoun – 68, dieing of TB, can’t speak
Webster – 68, liver ailment, last speech
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12. Positions of Each man
Henry Clay – North & South should both make concessions. (Motion supported by Stephen Douglas)
John C. Calhoun – Leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, and restore political balance. (Secretly had a proposal to elect two Presidents (1 southern/1northern)
Daniel Webster - Urged support of Clay’s Plan. He claimed Mexican territories were not the issue. (God had made the land unsuitable for plantation economy) People should support compromise, concessions and reasonableness!
Called 7th of March Speech – 100, 000 copies printed in 1850 alone!
William Seward – Said that there was a “higher law” than that of the Constitution. Probably cost him election of 1860!
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13. Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay of Kentucky: Four Parts
Plan to bring CA in as a state, balance the number of Free/Slave states and provide stiff punishment for escaped slaves in AMERICA.
Henry Clay of Kentucky: Four Parts
1.) Admit CA=Free state
2.) Create UTAH & New Mexico territory
3.) End slave sales (not slavery) in District of Columbia
4.) Congress passes Federal Fugitive Slave Law (More strict than 1793 Law)
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14. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

15. Backlash over the Compromise
Congressional balance permanently tipped to North.
NM/UT would be free as well. (too many FREE SOILERS there!
Fugitive Slave Law was viewed by Abolitionists as too harsh.
No testimony at trial/hearing.
Instant return to Slavery.
Sets up 1850’s as decade of Violence!
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16. So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
Harriet Beecher Stowe
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

17. Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

18. Helps to create the Republican Party!
Kansas/Nebraska Act 1854
Proposed by Stephen Douglas.
Why?
Answer: It would put Transcontinental RR through his state (IL) $$$$
Provisions:
KS & NEB want to enter union!
KS is north of 36’30 line for slavery.
Nebraska would be a free state!
Stephen Douglas calls for Kansas to be a SLAVE STATE!
Creates Chaos!
Helps to create the Republican Party!
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19. Kansas is a battleground!
Populated by 1,000’s of “Free Soilers”
Purpose is to move to KS and make sure it comes in as a FREE STATE!
May 21, Tension comes to a boiling point! Violence sweeps across state.
Newspaper offices, homes & businesses are looted!
John Brown-an anti slavery crusader decides to handle things “his own self”
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20. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

21. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

22. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

23. Raid at Pottawatomie May 21, 1856
John Brown raided a pro slavery settlement near river.
He and his men dragged five men from their beds and executed them with swords/knives in front of their families!
Brown and others believed it was God’s work to stop the spread of slavery!
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24. Beating of Charles Sumner (May 22, 1856) AKA “Bleeding Sumner”
A New England Senator who had publicly criticized Senator Andrew Butler of SC for the “Crime against Kansas”.
His speech implied that Butler slept with slavery as if she were a “Whore” without a name.
Butler’s nephew Preston Brooks decided to defend his uncles honor on the floor of the Senate chamber.
Brooks beats Sumner with a cane in front of 30 other people, mostly from the South who do nothing to stop it!
Northerners are frightened by this incident!
IF THIS CAN HAPPEN IN WASHINGTON, DC…THE SOUTH IS A DANGER TO ALL OF US!
NORTHERN PAPERS DENOUNCED IT AS AN ATTACK ON THE PRINCIPALS OF DECENCY!
SOUTHERNERS SENT POST CARDS TO THE SENATE THAT SAID “HIT HIM AGAIN”
BUTLER RESIGNED HIS SEAT IN THE SENATE ONLY TO BE UNANIMOUSLY REELECTED BY THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH CAROLINA!
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25. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Preston Brooks (D-SC)

26. Election of 1856 James Buchanan wins election over John C. Fremont.
Popular Vote: 1,832,955 to 1,339,932
Electoral College 174 to 114.
First real election for the Republican Party.
Smear Campaign:
Buchanan was a bachelor! Fiancee had died after a lover’s quarrel.
Fremont – He was illegitimate. Mother was a southerner.
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27. Dred Scott Case 1857
President Buchanan pushes Supreme Court to make clearer definition of ruling.
March 6, 1857
Citizenship is defined by race!
Slaves are Property not people!
Slaves can be taken anywhere!
RULING CREATES CHAOS IN AMERICA!
Scott’s Argument:
Citizenship is not defined by race in Constitution
He lives in a FREE STATE, therefore he is FREE!
February 15, 1857
“Dred Scott is still a slave, appeal denied”
March 1857
James Buchanan becomes President
Supreme Court Case
A slave (Dred Scott) had been brought to a free state by his owner.
Owner died, Scott went to court to prove he was now a free man.
Case went to Supreme Court.
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28. Popular Sovereignty? Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine
The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois.
Lincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between the principle of popular sovereignty proposed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the United States Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford.
Instead of making a direct choice, Douglas's response stated that despite the court's ruling, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery.
Popular Sovereignty?

29. LeCompton Constitution 1857
Kansas vote for statehood.
Free Soilers dominate population.
Citizens can only vote for constitution with slavery or without, no other choice presented!
Provision Included that if slavery was abolished in KS, people who owned slaves prior to 1857, would be allowed to keep them! (A Grandfather clause)
State Constitution passed with Slavery in 1857!
IMPACT: POPULAR SOVERIEGNTY
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30. (Senators were chosen by State Legislatures until 1913)
Lincoln vs Douglas
Both had competed with the other for years.
Both are from Springfield, IL.
Both served in State Legislature as well as H of R
Both competed for affections of Mary Todd. (She chose Abe!)
Both ran for Senate seat from Illinois in 1858.
(Senators were chosen by State Legislatures until 1913)
Lincoln felt like he was awkward, homely and somewhat out of place in the debates!
Douglas viewed the debates as a stepping stone to the Presidency!
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31. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

32. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858- Seven debates took place between Douglas and Lincoln over Slavery.
Related to Senate race for Illinois
Both supported idea of inferior position for blacks!
Lincoln loses election!
Positive Effects:
Lincoln becomes well known national figure!
Douglass is exposed for being “two faced”. Democrats did not want him to represent the party!
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33. “A house divided”
A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new—North as well as South.
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34. Raid at Harper’s Ferry John Brown & 18 men raid Federal Arsenal there!
October Brown is caught by Robert E. Lee!
Yes that Robert E. Lee!!!
Tried and convicted of treason against Virginia!
Executed by hanging!
Becomes a martyr for North, & symbol of all that’s bad for the South!
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35. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

36. Argument Becomes... Attack SLavery... Attack the South!
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37. Lincoln: The Choice for President!
ELECTION OF 1860
Lincoln: The Choice for President!
Reasons for support:
Free Soilers: non-extension of slavery
Manufacturers: A Protective Tariff
Immigrants: No abridgement of rights
Northwest: A Pacific Railroad
West: Internal Improvements at Federal Expense!
Farmers: Free Homesteads (Land)
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38. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
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39. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

40. 1860
Election
Results

41. ELECTION OF 1860 LINCOLN 40% DOUGLAS 29% BRECKENRIDGE 18% BELL 13%
Abe Lincoln vs Stephen Douglas
South says that if Lincoln is elected, they will leave the Union!
November 1860-Lincoln wins Presidency with not one single vote from the South!
February 1861= Confederate States of America formed!
The Civil War is On!
Popular Vote Results:
LINCOLN 40%
DOUGLAS 29%
BRECKENRIDGE 18%
BELL 13%
LINCOLN GETS 180 of 303 EC Votes!
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42. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
An unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns of the Lower South .
It proposed reestablishment of the ’36 30° line!
Both the House of Representatives and the Senate rejected it in 1861.
Could not be repealed or amended if adopted!
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43. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

44. Confederate States of America
Nov – Mar. 1861
LAME DUCK BUCHANAN failed to stop Secession!
AL, MS, TX, GA, FL, LA
Created in February, 1861.
Jefferson Davis is chosen as President and elected to a 6 year Term!
Went about the business of forming Confederate Treasury, War, Commerce Departments.
Varina Hopewell Davis -1st Lady of the Confederacy.
Father: Zachary Taylor (12th President)
Varina – named for her!
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45. Lincoln forced to act! March 1861-Inauguration
April 6, 1861, Lincoln tells Governor of SC that he is re-supplying the Fort!
Union troops held the fort which is off the coast of South Carolina.
April 10, Confederate President, Jefferson Davis orders General P.T. Beauregard to attack the FORT!
April 12th-14th
Constant Bombardment
dooms the Fort!
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46. April 12, 1861-Fort Attacked!
24 hours later, without weapons and supplies to fight, Union surrenders the Fort to Confederates!
Lincoln saw this as open rebellion against the Union…calls for volunteers for Army! (Army of the Potomac)
South sees that as a personal attack …VA, NC, TN and AK all secede as a result!
The South is now in for a Bloody Battle it won’t forget!
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47. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

48. NEITHER SIDE WAS PREPARED FOR HAND TO HAND COMBAT
Differences in War..
NORTH
TEND TO UNDER-ESTIMATE THE RESOLVE OF SOUTHERN TROOPS!
USUALLY NAME BATTLES AFTER PHYSICAL FEATURES OF AREA NEAR SITE!
BATTLE OF BULL RUN, BATTLE OF WILDERNESS,
SOUTH
TEND TO OVER EXAGGERATE THE ROLE THAT THEY PLAY IN BATTLES.
USUALLY NAME THE BATTLE AFTER A NEAR BY CITY OR TOWN!
BOTH SIDES EXPECT QUICK WIN!
NEITHER SIDE WAS PREPARED FOR HAND TO HAND COMBAT
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49. Technology
Size - Both sides were used to Large scale Battles involving 1,000’s of men on one Battlefield!
Training -Neither Army was well armed or Trained!
ARTILLERY and weaponry all had improved!
Improvements - Cannons shoot farther, guns are more accurate, bullets now fly faster and straighter!
Accuracy - Artillery shells are used to “bombard” enemy lines with grenade like efficiency!
Time -Jefferson Davis knew that if the South had to fight a large scale war, they would lose!
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50. A Nation divided by War North South
Mostly Industrial, cities are well developed.
Don’t need Slavery to survive!
Immigration provided plenty of labor for steel mills, factories and railroads
West allied itself with North because it needed protection North provided!
South
Mostly Agricultural. They manufactured nothing of Value.
Everything had to be imported (tools, supplies)
1860-Cotton represented 57% of all US exports!
Cotton was King! Needed labor force to harvest!
Slavery was lifeblood of South!
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51. UNION PLAN FOR VICTORY
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52. Army of the Potomac
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53. Army of Northern Virginia
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54. Anaconda Plan
Union Army was better supplied because of the Vast amount of Industrial Resources available in the North.
The North planned to strangle the South’s economy and effectively squeeze the life out of them and force them to quit.
They will block Southern ports and intercept all trains in and out of the South!
Eventually the Union Army will snake up the Miss. River and cut the South in two!
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55. Overview of Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

56. Anaconda Plan
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57. Over 600 New Ships are Built!
Confederates built Forts along major rivers in South.
Union Army created a “floating fort” called the gunboat, an iron clad warship that could navigate shallow waters and destroy Confederate strongholds easily!
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58. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

59. Battles of the Civil War
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60. Battle of Bull Run July 1861 (Manassas, VA)
30,000 Union troops easily defeated by Confederates.
Spectators showed up with picnic supplies to watch the Battle.
During Union retreat, picnic baskets and people were overrun by Union Forces!
1st battle takes place in backyard of Wilmer McLean
This is a disaster for the North!
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
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61. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

62. 1862-Year of disaster for Lincoln
Shiloh-April6-7 23, 746 casualties
Seven Days-July ,000 Union troops defeated by 50, 000 Confederates.
Antietam-Sept , 100 casualties.
Fredericksburg-Dec , 000 casualties.
Lincoln would like to forget that this year ever existed!
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63. War in the East:

64. Battle of Shiloh (1862) Fought near Shiloh Church in Tennessee.
Bloodiest Battle of Civil War up until 1862.
13,000 Union Deaths. 10,000 Confederate.
40,000 Confederate troops launched a sneak attack on 45,000 Union troops.
US Grant was Union commander. Looked like he would be defeated on the first day of the Battle!
US Grant reorganized on the 2nd day and won! But at a huge cost!
People of America take notice of casualties involved in this type of Battle.
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65. Peninsula Campaign (1862)
McClellan will float about 90,000 Union troops down the Potomac into the Chesapeake Bay.
Plan was for the Union to attack Richmond, VA by way of the Sea.
They would come ashore near Jamestown, VA and work their way Westward towards Richmond.
McClellan is far too methodical to carry out this campaign.
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66. Confederates are outnumbered
Confederate Commander on the Eastern shore of Virginia is supposed to defend it from invasion.
McClellan gets tricked into believing that the Confederates have about 50,000 soldiers stationed along the shore.
Truth was they only had 10,000 soldiers there!
Joseph Johnston, Confederate Commander was a former stage and theatre actor.
He planned to make McClellan think there were more soldiers on the peninsula!
He was able to use McClellan’s cautious nature against him!
He built 1,000’s of campfires all along the area where the Union had come ashore, making them think there were 50,000 plus Confederate soldiers.
He stacked large boulders and logs together to make it appear they were cannons!
They marched the same unit in front of McClellan over and over again.
McClellan counted 20,000 men!
Johnston had actually just marched 2,000 men across the field 20 times!
McClellan delayed an attack on the Confederates because he wanted to make sure he had the advantage. His cautious nature allows Lee to come down out of Northern VA and defend Richmond!
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67. Battle of Seven Days SMART DUMB June 25-July 1, 1862
Battle to gain control of Richmond, VA.
Union commander McClellan has 100,000 troops.
Confederate commander RE Lee has 50,000.
Lee won through skillful maneuvering.
SMART
Union troops tried to invade Virginia using Ironclad warships along the Potomac River.
DUMB
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68. McClellan
RE Lee
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69. Battle of Antietam Sept. 1862
Fought near Sharpsburg, MD
Bloodiest Single day Battle of Civil War.
6,000 deaths. 17,000 wounded.
RE Lee wanted to bring the fight to the North, instead of battling in the South all the time.
Confederates were closest to defeating the North on this day!
Confederates believed if they could show Great Britain they could stand on their own, they could get assistance!
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70. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

71. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

72. Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862
Union troops camped across Rappahannock River at Chatham.
Commanded by General Ambrose Burnside.
They Bombarded town during Winter of Destroyed town, streets, bridge, etc.,..
Union troops launched 8,000 shells on city.
Union troops tried to build a pontoon bridge across river.
Confederates shelled them.
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73. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

74. Utter disaster for the Union!
Union Troops had to cross the Rappahannock under heavy fire from Confederate soldiers.
Pontoon Bridges which were supposed to arrive on Dec 1st did not show up until Dec 13th!
The union made the mistake of attacking the Confederates superior position!
Utter disaster for the Union!
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75. Rappahannock River 1862
Union troops needed to cross the river to get into Fredericksburg, they were forced to build pontoon bridges while under heavy artillery fire from Confederate forces!
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76. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

77. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

78. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

79. Marye’s Heights
Union troops pushed forward to Marye’s Heights (off Lafayette Blvd.) Confederates are on top of hill!
Confederate troops hold a superior position at the top of Marye’s Heights..
This is also called the Battle of Sunken Road.
30,000 union troops attacked the hill, 8,000 died, none made it to the top!
Union casualties were high, chaos ensued during the Battle. Some confederates thought Union troops were their comrades!
Confederate troops waited atop of the hill and ambushed Union soldiers as they tried to assault the hill!
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80. Angel of Marye’s Heights
Richard Kirkland - part of the South Carolina regiment.
Gave aid and water to both Union and Confederate soldiers.
Monument built to his efforts exists near Sunken Road at the Battle of Fredericksburg site.
He risked injury and death to save hundreds of men at the battle.
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81. Most prisoners died from exposure, starvation and disease.
Prisoners of War
At first both sides exchanged prisoners.
Once Grant realized that the South could not replenish their numbers, he stopped exchanges.
South then mistreated thousands of prisoners in prison camps like Andersonville, GA.
30,000 men imprisoned their- 17,300 died!
Most prisoners died from exposure, starvation and disease.
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82. Andersonville
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83. Execution of Henry Wirz
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84. Alton Prison
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85. Morton Prison
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86. Emancipation Proclamation
September Lincoln says that as of Jan 1, 1863-”all enslaved persons in areas that are in open rebellion against the Union, were [therefore] and forever free”
Is actually an Economic attack against the South!
Stop the South’s economy and you win the war!
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87. Battle of Vicksburg 1863
US Grant wants to capture city of Vicksburg to control Mississippi River.
2nd Largest city in Mississippi.
Grant decided to bomb them into submission.
Union troops launched 2,800 bombs a day!
47 straight days!
July 4, 1863-Confederates surrender!
Almost 36,000 casualties
Tunnels dug all over town!
Part of the Anaconda Plan
Goal: To split the Confederacy!
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88. The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg

89. Vicksburg (town of tunnels)
For $20, you could get a decent tunnel dug for protection.
For $50, you could get several rooms dug out with timbers for support.
Grant eventually attacked the southern portion of the city and worked his way North towards Vicksburg.
Once inside, they found a virtual honeycomb of tunnels underneath the town!
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90. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

91. Battle of Gettysburg July 1863
Confederate attempt to cut off Washington, DC from the Union Army.
28,000 total casualties
Site of Pickett’s Charge.
Confederate troops most daring feat at Gettysburg.
15,000 Troops charged up Cemetery Ridge and fought a vicious hand to hand battle which they lost!
For Confederates:
All battles after 1863 are Defensive.
For Union: All Battles prior to 1863 are Defensive.
Pickett’s Charge effectively ended the Battle of Gettysburg
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92. Gettysburg Casualties

93. Emancipation in 1863

94. Gettysburg Address
Five months after the deadliest Battle between North and South, Lincoln delivers speech at battle site.
Dedicates Soldiers National Cemetery.
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95. 54th Massachusetts Regiment
Under command of Robert Gould Shaw.
Organized in March 1863.
One of the first organized Black Units in the northern states.
Participated on the assault on Fort Wagner in Hilton Head, SC in June of 1863.
Probably the most famous all black infantry regiment to ever fight!
Sgt. William Carney – CMH winner
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96. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

97. The H.L. Hunley Secret Weapon of the South!
South wanted to build a submarine to attack union gunboats and Atlantic Coast port cities.
Designed a primitive underwater submarine to sink Union ships.
Designed and built near Mobile, Alabama, it was actually the third boat built to attack the North.
It could remain underwater for about 2 hours.
First two attempts to launch were disasters!
First crew killed when they dive with hatch open!
Second crew killed when they dive straight into River bottom and get stuck!
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98. H. L. Hunley 36 feet long, 4,000 pounds.
Could carry a nine man crew. Openings at each end were about 15 inches wide.
Boat was propelled through the water by a hand-turned crankshaft
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99. The Mission February 17, 1864 Charleston Harbor, SC.
Confederate sub sneaks through the dark waters and plants a 135 pound torpedo on the hull of the USS Housatonic.
The Hunley successfully detonated their torpedo and the Housatonic sank in about three minutes.
The Hunley, however, never returned to the island where she was launched from.
She was found buried in the sand 137 years later at the mouth of Charleston Harbor.
The Mission
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100. H.L. Hunley
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101. Battle for Atlanta July 1864
Confederate Commander – Joseph Johnston replaced by Jefferson Davis.
New Commander James Hood engages the Union Army several times throughout the summer.
Each time --- massive Confederate casualties!
Confederates were reduced from 62,000 to 45,000 in about 7 weeks.
Hood retreated to Atlanta, GA.
Sherman and his forces constantly bombarded the city just like Grant at Vicksburg and Sherman at Petersburg.
Hood retreated from Atlanta and pulled out!
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102. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sept.-Dec 1864
William Tecumseh Sherman- Union plan to burn city of Atlanta and then march to Savannah, GA.
They cut a 60 mile wide path that destroyed plantations, railroads, bridges, mills and anything else in their path.
GOAL: To make people so sick of war that they will never want to fight another!
Sherman wrote to Lincoln that the city of Savannah was a Christmas present in Dec. 1864!
“War is cruelty. There is no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over!
William Tecumseh Sherman
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103. Sherman’s March through Georgia to the Sea, 1864

104. Battle of Petersburg June 1864-April2, 1865
A heroic defense of Fort Gregg by a handful of Confederates prevented the Union from entering the city that night.
Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill was killed trying to reach his troops in the confusion.
After dark, Lee ordered the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond.
Objective: the capture of Richmond Achieved through: Capture of Petersburg
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105. The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-1865

106. The end of the War Sherman marched north to South Carolina in 1865.
Many people felt that since they had been the 1st to secede, they should be punished the harshest!
Feb 1865 – ½ of the capital city of Columbia, SC was burned!
No one ever proved that it was Sherman but most Southerners believe it was the Union Army’s fault!
April 2, 1865 – only 35,000 men remain to defend Richmond, VA.
Lee planned to slip around the Union forces towards SC and unite with the remaining Confederate forces.
April 9, US Grant and Union Army cut him off at Appomattox, VA
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107. Surrender!
Confederates were allowed to walk back to their home states.
They could take their horses and mules and return to their homes.
As long as they obeyed the laws where they lived, they would not be punished!
May, 1865 – Johnston surrendered to Sherman in SC.
May 13, 1865 – Last person killed in Civil War at Battle of Palmito Ranch, TX. (Private John J. Williams)
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108. Lincoln’s assassination by John Wilkes Booth
April 14, 1865
Lincoln’s assassination by John Wilkes Booth
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112. Civil war ends
Confederate troops could not maintain supply lines, resources or soldiers to continue to fight the war.
Union troops were better supplied, better trained, and continually replenished their numbers during the war.
Casualties for the South were so high that eventually children were enlisted to fight!
22 Union states totaled 22 million people.
11 Confederate states- 9 million people (4 million slaves)
APUSH/CIVIL WAR

113. Casualties on Both Sides

114. 850,000 Confederate soldiers-450,000 deaths
Final Thoughts
850,000 Confederate soldiers-450,000 deaths
2.2 Million Union Soldiers-360,000 deaths.
Casualties for the South: Economic, Social, Political
Total Wounded / Deaths on both sides exceed 1.1 million men.
About 2/3 of the Union casualties died from dysentery, typhoid, measles and malaria.
Cost in Human life exceeded WWI, WWII, Korea and Vietnam for US citizens.
APUSH/CIVIL WAR

115. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

116. Lincoln Kennedy Parallels
Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.
Abraham Lincoln was elected President in John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.
A week before Lincoln was shot, he was with friends in Monroe, Maryland. A week before Kennedy was shot, he was with his friend Marilyn Monroe.
Lincoln's last child, Tad, had his funeral held on July 16, 1871.
Later he was exhumed and moved to a different grave site.
Kennedy's son JFK Jr. was lost at sea on July 16, 1999.
Later he was found, brought up, and then re-burried at sea.
John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in 1839.
Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939.
Both assassins were known by their three names.
Both names comprise fifteen letters.
Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse.
Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater.
Both assassins were assassinated before their trials.
The only complete filming of Kennedy's assasination was shot by Abraham Zapruder.
The only complete account of Lincoln's assasination was written by John Zelfindorfer.
Lincoln was shot in the Ford Theater.
Kennedy was shot in a car made by the Ford Motor Company (a Lincoln no less)
Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.
Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.
Both were assassinated by Southerners.
Both were succeeded by Southerners.
Both successors were named Johnson.
Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.
Their first names both contain six letters.
The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.
Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.
Both of their wives lost their children while living in the White House.
Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.
Both were shot in the head.
Both were shot with one bullet.
Both were rumored to be killed in a conspiracy. Neither was confirmed to be a conspiracy.
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