1. CHAPTER 10 RACIAL AND ETHNIC RELATIONS

2. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and The Social Structure One of the best known classification systems sort people into three racial groups: One of the best known classification systems sort people into three racial groups: Caucasoids: fair skin, straight or wavy hairCaucasoids: fair skin, straight or wavy hair Mongoloids: yellowish or brownish skin, distinct folds on the eyelidsMongoloids: yellowish or brownish skin, distinct folds on the eyelids Negroids: dark skin, woolly hairNegroids: dark skin, woolly hair This classification system is no longer used because there are no biologically “pure” races. This classification system is no longer used because there are no biologically “pure” races.

3. Race deals with physical characteristics Race deals with physical characteristics Ethnicity deals with cultural characteristics Ethnicity deals with cultural characteristics

4. Identifiable physical characteristics that differ from the dominate group Identifiable physical characteristics that differ from the dominate group Victims of unequal treatment at the hands of the dominant group Victims of unequal treatment at the hands of the dominant group Membership is an ascribed status Membership is an ascribed status Share a strong bond and a sense of group loyalty Share a strong bond and a sense of group loyalty Tend to practice endogamy Tend to practice endogamy Five characteristics that distinguish minority groups from other groups in society :

5. Section 2: Discrimination and Prejudice Discrimination involves behaviors Discrimination involves behaviors Range from name calling to acts of violence on an individual levelRange from name calling to acts of violence on an individual level Legal discrimination and institutionalized discrimination on a societal levelLegal discrimination and institutionalized discrimination on a societal level Prejudice involves attitudes Prejudice involves attitudes Sociologist generally focus on the negative forms of prejudice such as racismSociologist generally focus on the negative forms of prejudice such as racism

6. Robert K. Merton’s Patterns of Discrimination and Prejudice Active Bigot: is prejudice, does discriminate Active Bigot: is prejudice, does discriminate Timid Bigot: is prejudice, afraid to discriminate Timid Bigot: is prejudice, afraid to discriminate Fair-weather Liberal: is not prejudice, does discriminate Fair-weather Liberal: is not prejudice, does discriminate All-weather Liberal: is not prejudice, does not discriminate All-weather Liberal: is not prejudice, does not discriminate

7. SOURCES OF DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE STEREOTYPING STEREOTYPING SCAPEGOATING SCAPEGOATING SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

8. Patterns of Minority Group Treatment: Assimilation Assimilation Cultural Pluralism Cultural Pluralism Legal Protection Legal Protection Population Transfer Population Transfer Subjugation Subjugation Extermination Extermination

9. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States The American Dilemma The American Dilemma Americans have not always practiced what they preached:Americans have not always practiced what they preached: Preach- equality, freedom, individual and inalienable rights… Preach- equality, freedom, individual and inalienable rights… Practiced- segregation, population transfer of Indians to reservations, and the internment of Japanese during WWII Practiced- segregation, population transfer of Indians to reservations, and the internment of Japanese during WWII Standard by which minority groups were measured… how closely they adapted to the WASP (white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant)Standard by which minority groups were measured… how closely they adapted to the WASP (white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant)

10. African Americans Second largest minority group as of the 2000 census. Second largest minority group as of the 2000 census. First brought to the U.S. as slaves First brought to the U.S. as slaves Civil Rights Act helped them gain more power and status Civil Rights Act helped them gain more power and status Election of 2008: First African American President of the U.S. Election of 2008: First African American President of the U.S.

11. Hispanic Americans Largest and fastest growing minority group in the U.S. as of the 2000 census Largest and fastest growing minority group in the U.S. as of the 2000 census Have gained increasing political power in recent years. Have gained increasing political power in recent years. Still lag behind non-Hispanic Americans in areas as education and employment Still lag behind non-Hispanic Americans in areas as education and employment