1. P ATTERNS OF I NTERGROUP R ELATIONS Chapter 10, Section 2

2. D ISCRIMINATION Discrimination= denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership. Involves a behavior of some sort. Can be individual or societal. Forms of societal discrimination: Legal discrimination= discrimination upheld by law; laws can be changed to remove the discrimination. Institutionalized discrimination= discrimination that arises due to societal structure.

3. P REJUDICE Prejudice= an unsupported generalization about a category of people. Refers to the attitudes one has towards another– usually negative. Stereotype= an oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people. Robert Merton believed that if confronted with a stereotype long enough, individuals would start to exhibit behaviors that makes the stereotype. Known as self-fulfilling prophecy.

4. P REJUDICE ( CONT ’ D ) Prejudicial beliefs often used to justify discrimination are often forms of racism– the belief that one’s own race or ethnic group is naturally superior.

5. S OURCES OF D ISCRIMINATION Sociological Some prejudices are embedded in social norms. Maintain membership within a group Psychological Individual personality of someone lends to prejudice– Theodor Adorno Scapegoating= placing the blame for one’s troubles on an innocent individual or group. Economic Competition over scarce resources Dominant group encourages competition between minority groups

6. P ATTERNS OF MINORITY GROUP TREATMENT o Cultural pluralism= encourage ethnic and racial variety. o Assimilation= culturally distinct groups blend together to form one single group with a common culture. o Legal protection= minority rights protected by law. o Segregation= minority group physically separated from dominant. De jure segregation= based on laws De facto segregation= based on informal norms.

7. P ATTERNS OF M INORITY GROUP TREATMENT ( CONT ’ D ) Subjugation= dominant group controls minority group through force. Population transfer= dominant group moves minority group to new locations within or outside the country. Extermination= dominant group attempts to destroy minority group. Genocide= when the goal of extermination is intentional destruction of an entire targeted population. Ethnic cleansing= removing a group from an area through terror, expulsion or mass murder.