1. Rhetoric & “The Crisis, No. 1” Drama & The Crucible Poetry & “Half-Hanged Mary” Archetypes & “My Kinsman, Major Molineux” English III Fall Final Review

2. Rhetorical Appeals Ethos: ethical appeal; establishment of credibility through expert, celebrity, or divine endorsement Logos: logical appeal; logical reasoning through the presentation of facts, statistics, examples, etc. Pathos: emotional appeal; imagery and emotionally charged words used to evoke an emotional reaction; could be positive or negative, ie., confidence or fear

3. Rhetorical Devices Allusion: reference to historical/literary event or person Analogy: comparison of two situations where the outcomes will be similar Aphorism: a short statement of universal truth Metaphor: comparison of two unlike things Parallelism: repetition of grammatical structures for effect and emphasis Rhetorical Question: a question asked for the purpose of making the audience stop and think and mentally participate in the argument

4. Drama Character Identification Abigail Williams, Mary Warren, The Proctors, The Putnams, Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey, Reverend Hale, Reverend Parris, Governor Danforth Stage Directions: how they reveal characterization, plot Motivation: what motivates characters’ behaviors Three Ironies: Verbal, Dramatic, Situational Verbal: saying one thing, but meaning another Dramatic: audience knowledge unknown by one/more characters Situational: an unexpected outcome by audience and/or characters Conflict: Man vs. Self, Man, Nature, Society, or Fate Mood: atmosphere of a scene created by characters and situation Theme: author’s message about topics addressed in the play

5. Poetry Point of View: what is the POV of the poem; how does it affect the narrative? Tone of various stanzas Know the meanings of these words before the exam: apathetic, apprehensive, arrogant, belligerent, humorous, indignant, narcissistic, nostalgic, passive, sarcastic, satirical, vengeful Irony: what is the irony of the poem?

6. Archetypes What is symbolic of Robin’s name? How is Robin an archetypal hero? YMP; JU What is the importance of the cudgel? What parts of the story lend to Robin’s psychological journey to the underworld? What truths must he face? Are there any female archetypes? Who are the mentor and devil archetypes? What does Robin decide to do in the end (what are we meant to understand)?

7. Short Story Elements Tone Mood Point of view Climax Dénouement Conflict Personification Flashback Foreshadowing