1. LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor1

2. SPEAKING IN PUBLIC There is a long and very rich tradition surrounding the art of public speaking. Record of this tradition date back as far as Ancient Greece and Rome, where public speaking played a key role in civic life. Aristotle's Rhetoric, (composed during the third century B.C.E.) still provides the most important work on the subject. LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor2

3. Do You Suffer From Glossophobia? Ask yourself these questions: Are you a bit nervous over the prospect of having to deliver a presentation? Are you more than a bit nervous? Do you have an idea of what you want to say, but feel clueless as to how to say it so that it will be meaningful to others? Do your presentations lack persuasive strength and fall short of your goals? Does the thought of having to give a presentation strike fear in your heart? Is stage fright taking over your life when you are faced with having to speak publicly? LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor3

4. Do You Suffer From Glossophobia? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, ask yourself if you are able to hold conversation, without any of the glossophobic symptoms mentioned in the above questions. If you are, for the most part, able to hold conversation, then realize that you are also able to speak in public. There are similarities as well as differences between Public Speaking and conversation. On the following pages, we will explore these similarities and differences. LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor4

5. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION What happens if your ideas are out of sequence? Will your audience understand your ideas? Organize your thoughts LOGICALLY LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor5

6. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION Can you present an idea the same way to your five-year- old niece as you can to your mother? Can you present that idea to an audience of your peers in the same way as you did to your mother? Tailor your message to your AUDIENCE LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor6

7. When you tell a story, do you just give the facts in a dry way? Or, do you embellish a bit, adding a touch of drama to get your point across and keep them interested? Tell a story for MAXIMUM IMPACT LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor7 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION

8. In conversation, when the person with whom you are communicating gives you a look to indicate she does not understand your point, what do you do? You rephrase what you have said to add clarity. You must do the same thing in public speaking. Watch for and adapt to feedback. ADAPT to listener feedback LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor8

9. Consider this: Public Speaking is generally pre- arranged -- at a pre-arranged time and place. Conversation can take place anytime and any place. Public Speaking is more HIGHLY STRUCTURED LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor9 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION

10. Consider this: Public Speaking situations require a more polished presentation – no slang, no improper words. Slang, improper words, and colloquialisms can confuse an audience. In conversation, however, these can be used. Public Speaking requires more FORMAL LANGUAGE LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor10

11. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION Consider this: Can you hold conversation while lounging at the pool? Can you speak publicly while lounging at the pool? What about while jogging? Public Speaking requires a DIFFERENT METHOD OF DELIVERY LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor11

12. CONFIDENCE BOOSTERS If you think you can deliver a great speech without being overly nervous, you will. Get your proper rest and nutrition. Partying, pulling all- nighters, and fasting before delivering a speech will cause you to not be at your best. Think Positively Be At Your Best Physically & Mentally LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor12

13. CONFIDENCE BOOSTERS Rather than on how nervous you think you are. Deep Breathing always helps to calm and focus. Concentrate On Communicating With Your Audience Take A Couple Of Deep Breaths LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor13

14. CONFIDENCE BOOSTERS Preparing a great introduction, and taking it written word- for-word to the lectern will allow you to focus on your speech, rather than on nerves. We tend to be most nervous when we first come to the lectern. This is when we are most likely to forget what we wanted to say. Work Especially Hard On Your Introduction LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor14

15. Find a few friendly faces in the audience and begin your focused eye contact with them. Remember that audiences are made up of individuals. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Using Visual Aids will help boost your confidence by placing your focus on doing something (displaying, explaining, and removing the visual), rather than focusing on your nervousness. Make Eye Contact With Members Of Your Audience Use Visual Aids LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor15 CONFIDENCE BOOSTERS

16. CRITICAL THINKING As a student, you need to use your critical thinking skills daily. As a speaker, this becomes even more important. Stop and consider how you will need to use your critical thinking skills as a speaker. Critical Thinking is focused, organized thinking. It deals with Logic – Being able to spot the weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own Being able to distinguish Fact From Opinion Being able to judge the Credibility Of Statements Being able to assess the Soundness Of Evidence LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor16

17. CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND THE PUBLIC SPEAKER The United States has become the most diverse society on earth. All nations and cultures are now part of a vast "global village", due to air travel, immigration, and electronic communication. LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor17

18. CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND THE PUBLIC SPEAKER Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. Diversity and multiculturalism are such basic facts of life that public speakers, to be successful, need to take account of cultural differences between themselves and their listeners. Because of this diversity and multiculturalism, it is especially important for public speakers to avoid ethnocentrism. LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor18

19. SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS Speaker Begins the Communication Encodes the message Selects the Channel for transmission of Message LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor19

20. SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS Message The communication Channel Means by which the message is communicated LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor20

21. SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS Frame of Reference The sum total of a person’s life experience. This acts as a filter for all incoming information to protect the individual from information overload. Listener Person receiving the message through a Frame of Reference LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor21

22. SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS Interference Anything that impedes the communication Can be Internal or External LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor22

23. SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS Feedback Messages sent back to the speaker by the listener Situation Time & Place in which communication occurs LCCC ENG 111 KimAlyse Popkave, M.Ed., CMI, CPPC Instructor23