1. Outer Suburbs Commuter Zone CBD Inner City Inner Suburbs Chicago, 1920s The Burgess Urban Land Use Model CBD – core of the city. Contains shops, offices and entertainment. Few residential. High buildings. Inner City – Mixed land use of small industries, small houses and offices. Inner Suburbs – Housing dates 80 – 100 yrs. Terraced houses with back yards. Outer Suburbs – Semi- detached houses 1930+ Council houses. Shopping parades. Out-of-town shops. Commuter Zone – Green belt around urban areas. Beyond it, small towns and villages. High cost housing. Task: 1.Why are ‘high buildings’ found in the CBD? 2.What are the strengths and weaknesses of this model? 3.How does the model ‘fit’ with Bristol?

2. Hoyt Model 1939. 2 3 4 4 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 CBD 2 Wholesale and light manufacturing 3 Low-class residential 4 Middle-class residential 5 High-class residential Developed by Hoyt as an improvement on the Burgess model. Created following a study of 142 cities in the USA. Hoyt arranged the zones in sectors radiating from the CBD. Task: How is the Hoyt model an improvement on the earlier Burgess model?

3. Theory of Land Rent Rent Distance from CBD Retail Industry/ commercial Residential Rent a b c a Retailing b Industry/commercial c Residential City limits a b c In order to have a good understanding of the way urban areas grow, it is important to have an understanding of the theory of land rent. The diagrams to the right show what various land-users are prepared and able to pay for good access to the CBD. Task: How and why have today’s, out-of-town shopping centres and industrial sites altered the pattern?