1. BILABIAL PLOSIVES /p, b/ The soft palate being raised and the nasal resonator shut off, the primary obstacle to the air-stream is provided by the closure of the lips. Lung air is compressed behind this closure, during which stage the vocal cords are held wide apart for /p/, but may vibrate for all or part of the compression stage for /b/ according to its situation in the utterance. The air escapes with force when the lip closure is released.

2. Miss Brown is a timid person, but she is exceptionally patient with her pupils. Patsy poured the pudding into the pot and put some sugar in it. I hope the postman will give me a parcel. Don’t put the cups in the soapy water. Before the baby is put to bed, the mother sings him a lullaby.

3. ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES /t,d/ The soft palate being raised and the nasal resonator shut off, the primary obstacle to the air-stream is formed by a closure made between the tip and rims of the tongue and the upper alveolar ridge and side teeth. Lung air is compressed behind this closure, during which stage the vocal cords are wide apart for /t/, but may vibrate for all or part of the compression stage for /d/ according to its situation in the utterance. The lip position for /t/ and /d/ will be conditioned by that of the adjacent sound, especially that of a following vowel or semi-vowel, e.g. spread lip for /t/ in teeth, anticipatory lip rounding for /t/ in tooth. The air escapes with force upon the sudden separation of the alveolar closure.

4. What time did you feed the dog this morning? I don’t remember, but I think I fed it at ten past ten. Did Tom tell you and Ted about my sister? No, he only told us a wonderful tale about a white cat that ate a dozen pounds of mutton. How many desks does your daddy need? He said he needed a dozen desks. How many times has Diana taken a trip to Sydney? She did not tell me how many times, but she said that she had been to Sydney several times. Why did you cut the tail of your cat? I didn’t cut it. It was Tom who cut it.

5. VELAR PLOSIVES /k,g/ The soft palate being raised and the nasal resonator shut off, the primary obstacle to the air-stream is formed by a closure made between the back of the tongue and the soft palate. Lung air is compressed behind this closure during which stage the vocal cords are wide apart for /k/, but may vibrate or all or part of the compression stage for /g/ according to its situation in the utterance. The lip position will be conditioned by that of adjacent sounds, especially following vowels or semi vowels, e.g. spread lips for the plosives in keen, geese, and somewhat rounded lips for the plosives in cool, goose.

6. The girls are cooking in the kitchen. Kate agrees to go to the lake. The goat chased the geese and the ducks. If you want to go for a picnic, don’t forget to bring along some cakes. The ship anchored near the rocky mountain.