2. Famous Greek Philosophers

3. What is truth? What is beauty? What is value?

4. I Philosophy Definition? “the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct” Simplified: the Love of Wisdom

5. A. Socrates He left no writings; we know of him from (primary or secondary?)sources His famous question, “Do you know what you’re talking about?” reflected how he did not accept people’s teachings at face value.

6. He called himself “a gadfly that stings people out of complacency.” He insisted people give a reasonable defense for their beliefs.

7. The Socratic Method asks the question “Why?” His challenging arguments attracted many followers, but also made many enemies.

8. He was put on trial in 399 B.C. for corrupting the minds of the Athenian youth. He was sentenced to death. His friends urged him to escape, but he did not.

9. How did Socrates request his sons should be treated Socrates asks his friends to look after his three sons and to make sure that they always put goodness above money or other earthly trappings

10. Why won’t Socrates flee?

11. B. Plato A pupil of Socrates, he was an aristocratic Athenian who was deeply moved by Socrates’ quest for truth. Unlike Socrates, he left behind over 25 separate works of writing.

12. One of Plato’s most influential contributions to philosophy was his dualist idea of man – that man is divided into two natures: The Physical Flesh – impermanent and evil. The Mind –where man is able to grasp unchanging truth

13. What part of Plato’s theory do you agree with? Original sin Truth exists

14. What part of Plato’s theory do you disagree with? Naphesh: body/soul are one Strive to know God, not just acquire knowledge. One of Plato’s most famous writings was The Republic. Republic? Democracy?

16. In Plato’s Republic are 3 classes of people: 1. Philosophers (rulers/kings) No salaries—why? 2. Soldiers/Warriors 3. Commoners

17. Inside The Republic is Plato’s Allegory of a Cave, where the world around us is likened to shadows cast onto the wall of a cave. As you can see, Plato is critical of democracy. Plato did not trust the masses to govern.

18. C. Aristotle (384-322) He entered Plato’s Academy at the age of 18. For a short time he tutored Alexander the Great. R: Plato & Aristotle

19. Aristotle was a lover of philosophy, but more importantly he also developed empirical biology (learning about living things through observation) and theoretical science (physics and chemistry).

20. While Socrates and Plato focused on the inner self, Aristotle focused on explaining the physical world and human society through observation. He believed every truth followed logically from other truths.

21. He developed the syllogism, which became the backbone of modern logic. Syllogism: If A = B And B = C Then A = C Example? I’m female All females are intelligent I’m intelligent