1. Theoretical Perspectives

2. Current Perspectives A theoretical perspective, or a school of thought, is a general set of assumptions about the nature of things. Sociology – theoretical perspectives outlines specific ideas about the nature of social life.

3. Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic Interactionism – focus on how on how individuals interact with one another in society. Particularly interested in the role that symbols play.  *Language highly significant form of symbolism (take for granted and do not question it) verbal and non-verbal  Symbols must be agreed upon by members of society. Increase of divorce rate in terms of the changing symbols ( or meanings) associated with marriage and divorce. - Example: Changes in ideas etc. have made marriage more fragile = divorce http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/0 5/why-do-animals-say-different-things-in- different-languages/ http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/0 5/why-do-animals-say-different-things-in- different-languages/

4. Functional Analysis Functional Analysis – views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system.  Most people agree on what is best for society and work together to ensure that the social system runs smoothly.  Example: Family has lost traditions etc due to industrialization and urbanization, outside agencies take on roles and have made marriage more fragile = divorce

5. Functions Manifest Functions – intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society.  School = math skills Latent Functions- unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society.  School = friendships Dysfunctions: negative consequences of an aspect of society. Not all elements of society make a positive contribution.

6. Conflict Theory Conflict Theory – focuses on those forces in society that promote competition and change.  society is composed of groups and individuals competing for scarce resources. These resources include: wealth, power, prestige, and privilege - Example: Men and women’s relationships have changed, women more likely to end marriages.  Women have gained power.

7. Sociological Perspective: School Functionalist:  School integrates individuals into society by transmitting culture and values and promoting acceptable behavior. Conflict:  School has established patterns of authority that reflect and underscore power relationships and conflict in society. Symbolic Interactionist:  Social interaction among groups in school influences the way groups and individuals behave.