1. Gender Stratification unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women
Macionis, Sociology, Chapter Thirteen

2. Gender and Inequality
Gender is the personal traits and social positions members of a society attach to being female and male (remember from Chapter 8)
At all levels in the class system, women have:
Less income
Less wealth
Less education, and
Less power than men

3. Biological & Socialization Differences
Mathematical Skills
Verbal Skills

4. Impact of career choices & gender on pay

5. Social Stratification
60% of all women work and 72% of working women work full-time
Women hold primary responsibility for housework and parenting – the “second shift”
On average, women earn 78 cents for every dollar earned by men.
Some work defined as “men’s work”
“Pink-collar” jobs are at the lower end of the pay scale

6. Education, Politics & Military
Gender and education
In 2007 women earned 59% of all associate and bachelor degrees, 61% of master’s degrees and 50% of doctorates.
Politics
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Women active in local, state politics
Military
14% of US military personnel are women, including deployed troops.
Culture influences views of women in the military.

7. Intersection Theory Why?
The interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage.
All women earn less than all groups of men
$31,223 vs. $40,798
Black ($27,730) and Hispanic ($23,444) women earn significantly less than white women ($32,486)
Why?

8. Violence Against Women
Most often at home
“Rule of thumb” 150 years ago
Sexual assaults, rapes, attempted rapes, and physical assaults
Campus and university gender violence
Wolf whistles and pinch to physical assaults “rape culture”
Female genital mutilation

9. Sexual Harassment
Comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated and unwelcome
Causes of sexual harassment
Culture encourages men to be sexually assertive and perceive women in sexual terms
Most people in positions of power are men

10. Types of Feminism Liberal feminism Socialist feminism Radical feminism
Free to develop own talents and interests - individualistic
Socialist feminism
Pursue collective (male and female) personal liberation
Radical feminism
Eliminate idea of gender
Egalitarian, gender-free revolution

11. Opposition to Feminism
Threat to male status and self-respect
Growing body of evidence that men and women think and act in different ways
Note: Sheri does not think this goes against feminism (think Liberal)
How should women improve social standing? Individual abilities or collective rights

12. “Great Spirit, help me never to judge another until I have walked in his moccasins for two weeks.”
- Sioux Indian prayer