2. This man invented the mechanical reaper.

3. The largest group of immigrants to come to America during the mid-1800s.

4. Associations of workers that fought for better wages, shorter work-days, and better working conditions.

5. This invention made cotton 1,000 times faster to clean.

6. With their huge sails and narrow hulls, these helped the United States win a large share of the world's sea trade.

7. This slave preacher led about 70 slaves to kill more than 60 whites in Virginia in 1831.

8. About 200,000 of these lived in the South in 1860 and were disliked by slave owners.

9. These laws controlled slaves and kept them from running away and rebelling.

10. 1.5 million Irish immigrants immigrated to the United States because of a ______ _____.

11. This farming tool was light so it could be pulled by a horse and strong so that it lasted longer.

12. Making up only a tiny fraction of the southern population, these farmers owned at least 20 slaves.

13. By 1850, the production of ____ had increased to more than 2 million bales per year.

14. Many slaves resisted slavery by simply dragging their ____, or working slowly.

15. This farming tool could do the work of 5 field hands--freed men up to go work in factories.

16. This free black planned a slave revolt that never got started in Charleston, SC in 1822.

17. These made up about 1/3 of the population in the South in 1860.

18. This man improved the sewing machine and created a company that still exists today.

19. This man invented the steel plow and founded an equipment company that still exists today.

20. In order to protest deteriorating working conditions and low pay, women workers at Lowell staged several _____.

21. Although slavery was banned in most northern states by the early 1800s, many free blacks there experienced _____ that denied them equal rights because of their skin color.

22. Became useful to find out about supply, demand, and prices of goods instantly

23. Most slaves worked as ___ ___.

24. This man invented the first sewing machine.

25. Between 1840 and 1860 over 4 million ______ arrived in the United States.

26. One danger that many free blacks faced was being ____ and sold into slavery.

27. These people believed that America should be preserved for native born, white citizens.

28. This made it possible to build factories anywhere, not just next to rivers.

29. Many slaves who lost their nuclear families valued their ____ ____ that included aunts, uncles, and grandparents.

30. Immigrants to the United States helped the economy grow by providing needed ____ for the nation's factories.

31. This was outlawed in 1808.

32. This political party was anti-immigrant

33. This man created the machine that caused the South to become even more dependent upon slavery.

34. This man invented the telegraph.

35. By the middle of the 1800s, factory workers were forced to work ___ hours for lower wages.

36. 1 million ______ immigrants arrived in the U.S. to escape punishments for failed democratic revolutions.

37. These are people who have learned a trade and therefore make more money than people without an acquired skill.

38. First laughed at and feared by the public, by the 1850s these were the fastest and cheapest way to ship goods over land.

39. Many Americans distrusted Irish immigrants because they were _____, while most Americans at the time were Protestant Christians.

40. Most white southerners were called "___ ___" and only owned a few slaves.

41. These songs that were sung by slaves often emphasized hope in the future.

42. Which section of the country was most industrialized in the mid-1800s?

43. How did improvements in farming equipment (steel plow, mechanical reaper) affect life in America?

44. How did steam power and new machinery affect factories?

45. How did Americans respond at first to railroads?

46. How did clipper ships help America? Why did their popularity only last a short time?

47. How did the growth of railroads cause a decline of farming in the New England states?

48. Why did unskilled workers have difficulty improving their working conditions?

49. Why did skilled workers’ wages drop during the 1800s?

50. How did factories change between 1800 and 1850? Where were they located?

51. What were the problems faced by women factory workers?

52. From which place did the greatest number of people come to the US during the mid- 1800s?

53. Why did many German immigrants come to America between 1850 and 1860?

54. Why did many Irish immigrants come to America between 1845 and 1860?

55. What were some of the reasons why nativists disliked immigrants?

56. What consequences did the cotton gin have?

57. The majority of southern whites were ________ _______.

58. What was the primary purpose of slave codes?

59. List 5 examples of slave codes.

60. How did slaves resist slavery?

61. What beliefs did black preachers and spirituals emphasize?

62. Why did small southern farmers strongly support slavery?

63. From where did most new planters buy their slaves after 1808?

64. By 1860, slaves made up about what fraction of the southern population?

65. How did slavery actually hurt the development of the South’s industry?

66. What restrictions did free blacks have placed on them in the South?

67. How did Nat Turner’s revolt affect the South?