1. Bell Ringer /1/2015
Why do historians label years as B.C. (or B.C.E) and A.D (or C.E.)?
What do you think B.C. means?
What do you think A.D. means?

2. Bell Ringer 9/3/2015 Provide the numerical years for the following:
Fourth century = ____________.
8th century = ______________.
Fifteenth century= ___________.
19th century = ______________.

3. The Byzantine Empire 330 CE- 1453 EQ: What factors lead to the rise of an empire?

4. Time Byzantine Empire emerged during— Ancient Time (Late Antiquity)
Middle Ages

5. Geography
The largest the empire had ever been in 555 AD

6. Activity 1: European Map
Look on the map on page 40 and at your current European map.
What current European countries were part of the Byzantine Empire in the past.

7. The Break from Rome
284 AD there is a split between the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire
Western Roman Empire— capital in Rome
Eastern Rome Empire—capital in Constantinople

8. Fall of the Western Empire
476 CE Western Roman Empire falls
Germanic tribes invade
Western Empire was divided into many kingdoms that adopted many of the customs of Rome

9. Eastern Roman Empire
Western Empire fell in 476 CE, but the Eastern Roman Empire continued to prosper for 1,160 more years
Became known as the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople becomes the capital of the Byzantine Empire

10. Activity 2: Constantinople’s Location
Cultural Melting pot: east and west (Asia and Europe)
Byzantine Empire is known as a crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia
Located exactly where Europe meets Asia
Between the Mediterranean and Black Sea
Why is this a perfect location?

11. Activity 3: Byzantine Empire Video
Language of the Byzantine Empire –______________________.
The Byzantine Empire did not adopt ______________ as their official language.
Compare and contrast Roman and Byzantine Empire
4. What’s a pagan, for example: The Romans were pagans?
5. Where is the Byzantine Empire located?
6. Name the emperor that recaptured the Western Roman territory.
Similarities
Differences
I stopped here. Have students watch video and finish this as bell ringer time!

12. The Age of Justinian 1
He ruled the Byzantine empire from 527 to 565.
Determine to reestablish the Roman Empire in the entire Mediterranean world.
During his reign, Justinian:
Recovered land that had been previously taken over by invaders.
Expanded the Byzantine empire to reach its greatest size
Built the famous church of Hagia Sophia and the Hippodrome (a huge arena)

13. Court of Justinian

14. 4. Created Justinian’s Code, a written law code for the Byzantine Empire
-This law code became the model for later European countries to follow
5. Had power and authority over the Church (Christians)
he appointed the patriarch: the leader of the Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire

15. After 550 AD silk weaving became Constantinople’s major industry
6. Promoted industry
Sent two monks to China and had them steal silk worm eggs to bring back to Constantinople
After 550 AD silk weaving became Constantinople’s major industry

16. Review Primary Sources
Definition & Examples
When analyzing Primary Sources ask the 5 “W” questions.
Descriptions or pictures of an event by someone who actually saw or lived through that event.
E.g., diaries, journals, photos, eyewitness reports.
Who created the primary source?
Why was the source created—what was the purpose and its intended audience?
What is the source about?
Where was the source created?
When was the source created?

17. Activity: Primary Sources
Work with your partner to discuss the following documents (PART A)
Carefully read the primary sources #1-6
Remember the five questions that you should ask when analyzing primary sources.
NOTE: Procopius was a historian who accompanied Roman general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian. He wrote The Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History.

18. Constantinople

19. Byzantine Religion
Roman Empire had been Christian and the Byzantine Empire were Christians also
The Christian faith held the Empire together
Byzantines believed God had commanded their state to preserve the “true” Christian faith.

20. Iconoclast Controversy, 730 AD
In Constantinople, religious icons were sold in markets.
small art objects that depict Jesus, Mary, or Christian saints
Icons upset the Byzantine Emperor many prayed to them as gods, so he banned them
Pope in Rome wanted icons to be used
Pope condemned the Emperor
The division between the
Western and Eastern
Church begins

21. Two separate Christian Churches now formed:
The Eastern Church (Byzantines) refuses to accept authority of the Pope over the Church
1054 AD, the differences between the Eastern and Western churches caused a schism, or permanent split; in the Christian Church
Two separate Christian Churches now formed:
The Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Catholic Church
Pope Leo v. Patrarch Cerularius

22. Christianity in East and West
Byzantine Christianity
Western European Christianity
Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs
People rejected pope’s claim to authority over all Christians
Priests kept right to marry
Greek was language of the Church
Emperor outlawed the use of icons, or holy images
Eventually worship of the icon would return.
Pope controlled Church affairs
People accepted pope’s claim to authority over all Christians
Priests prohibited from marrying
Latin was language of the Church
Use of holy images permitted.

23. Activity
How did the split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church affect the future of the Byzantine Empire?

24. Bell Ringer: Empires Date
EQ: What factors led to the rise and to the fall of an empire?

25. Downfall Constantinople
1. Advancement of Seljuk Turks (Muslims) who moved into Asia Minor
In 1071 the Seljuk Turks defeated Byzantine forces in Manzikert
Byzantine Emperor asks Western Europe for military help to fight the Seljuk Turks

26. 2. Byzantine gets involved in the crusades, thus weakening the Byzantine empire
By Fourth Crusade (1203) – Western Europeans turn against Byzantium, sacked it and reduced Imperial power

27. Fall of the Byzantine Empire
3. Constantinople fell to the
Ottoman Turks in 1453
Constantinople was renamed Istanbul

29. Byzantium became Constantinople became…
When the Turks took over they renamed the city
They named it Istanbul and it became their capital
It is now the largest city in Turkey
Has a population of over 10 million!

32. Byzantine Accomplishments
Mosaics
Pictures made of many tiny pieces of colored glass
Illuminated manuscripts
Books decorated with elaborate designs, beautiful lettering, and miniature paintings
Preservation of Greek and Roman writings
Cyrillic alphabet

33. Mosaics

34. Illuminated Manuscripts

35. Cyrillic Alphabet

36. More Hagia Sophia
In 1935 it became a museum.

37. Hagia Sophia
Emperor Justinian I built a great cathedral known as the Hagia Sophia
Church of the Holy Wisdom
immense dome over a massive open space
Justinian compared himself to Solomon (who built the great temple in Jerusalem)
became a mosque after the Muslims arrived
now a museum

38. Hagia Sophia

42. Hagia Sophia