1. Midterm review Writing Short Stories Speeches Class Period Room Number Teacher 1416Lazor 5417Cole 7418Baker 8421Steinberg

2. On the day of the midterm: Be on time! Bring a sharpened #2 pencil!

3. MLA Formatting Spacing (text) Margins Header or Heading?!! Works cited page citations In-text/parenthetical citations

4. Common writing errors Passive and active voice Dropped quotes Misplaced modifier (funny mistakes)

5. Passive and active voice Passive voice: subject receives the action of the verb(s): Example: The ball was thrown by the pitcher. Active voice: The subject is doing the action: Example: The pitcher threw the ball. Which is preferable and why?

6. Why use active voice? promotes conciseness. promotes clarity. promotes strong verb usage. Why use passive voice? When the focus is on the action OR the agent is unknown

7. Decide what voice each sentence uses (passive or active) 1. Retailers nationwide and around the world carry many types of snowboards, and the consumers possess an immense choice in specially made snowboarding gear. 2. In 1965, the Snurfer (a word play on snow and surfer) was developed by inventors as a child’s toy. 3. A collection of snowboarding tricks and stunts was released on video in 1996. 4. From the first crudely built snowboards to the advanced and specialized models available today, snowboarders have carried a bad boy image.

8. The 3 I’s of quoting and paraphrasing Introduce Incorporate Interpret

9. Dropped or introduced? Harriet Jacobs, a former slave from North Carolina, published an autobiographical slave narrative in 1861. She exposed the hardships of both male and female slaves but ultimately concluded that "slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women” (Smith 83).

10. Dropped or introduced? Holden gets frustrated and decides to leave. "People are always ruining things for you" (Salinger 88). Thus, Holden reveals his pessimistic nature.

11. What’s missing? Gatsby is not to be regarded as a personal failure. "Gatsby turned out all right at the end" (Fitzgerald 176).

12. What’s missing? Holden gets frustrated and decides to leave. "People are always ruining things for you.” Thus, Holden reveals his pessimistic nature.

13. Misplaced Modifier Word, phrase or clause that seems to refer to an object in the sentence that it is not meant to refer to because of its placement in a sentence. Example: I had to take down the shutters painting the house yesterday. Question: What, according to the above sentence, is painting the house?

14. Corrected Painting the house yesterday, I had to take down the shutters.

15. Short Stories “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” Literature terms: Characterization: round or flat, static or dynamic. Theme Setting

16. “The Golden Kite, The silver Wind” Literature terms: Allegory Narrator Theme Setting

17. “Checkouts” Theme Type of narrator and effect on the story “The Cask of Amontillado” Theme Unreliable narrator Literature terms: Irony Symbolism Reverse Psychology Gothic Literature – why?

18. “The Interlopers” Literature terms: Irony (situational and verbal) Personification Theme Protagonist and Antagonist (how do we know?) Setting Mood

19. “The scarlet ibis” Theme Setting Universal character Flashback Literature terms: Foreshadowing Symbol

20. “The Lottery” Theme Setting Traditions Literature terms: Connotation/denotation Irony Foreshadowing Symbol

21. Martin Luther King Jr. “I Have a dream” Theme Use of rhetorical devices Appeal to logic/emotions Allusions Repetition Restatement Analogy Parallelism Faulty Methods of Persuasion Time period/historical background Persuasive

22. FDR First Inaugural Address Theme Historical background Use of rhetorical devices Appeal to logic/appeal to emotions Allusion