1. Check lists & Conditional sentences
Sergio Pizziconi

2. Plan of the day Review A portfolio checklist Structure of the paper
Conditional sentences
SURVEY
Plan
EXTRA-CLASS work:
Read Chp 2 case 15 (DISCOVERY); Chp 4 reading 5 (Wal-mart), 7(Prada), 8 (Airlines), 9 (Auto), and 10 (American Cars) [MARK relative clauses & aspect-tenses]
Keep working on your project.

3. Review: Phonology 1
Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to /ɒ/ (lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce  pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)

4. Review: Phonology 2 SOURCE: CONSONANTS References ……..
CONSONANTS = Table of English consonants, retrieved URL: (accessed May 14, 2014).
……...

5. Review: Morphology 1
IRREGULAR VERBS:
choose – chose – chosen; seek – sought – sought;
Grow - ????? - ??????; Show- ????? - ??????;
Know - ????? - ??????
[report the paradigm of irregular verbs you write in your maps]
ADJ+lyADV; N+lyADJ // V+er N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and most words)V (googleto google; wowto wow) // V + ance/ence  N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful //
Adj+ en  V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) //
WRONG: I want to show the differents between BMW and FIAT RIGHT?????
Adj(max2syll.) + er  Adj (comparative: more Adj)
Adj(max2syll.) + est  Adj (superlative: most Adj)
BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst //
Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis, Axis /s/ unvoiced
Plural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses Axes /z/ voiced //
Datum (sing.) Data (pl.)
Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)

6. who whom Review: Morphology 2 Sets of personal pronouns and possessive
subject I
you he
she it we
you (all)
they
who
Personal
Pr.
Non-subject me
you
him
her it us
you (all)
them
whom
Reflexive
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Possessive
Adjectives my
your
his
her
its
our
their
Possessive
Pronouns
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs

7. Review: Morphology 3 PossessiveMy
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
Luke’s
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs
Tony’s
car is affordable
is expensive

8. Review: Morphology 4 Verb tenses 1
I go to school tomorrow
I go to school everyday
In 1776 the USA declare their independence
Past (simple)
Non-past: present (simple)
NOW
Past
Non-Past

9. Review: Morphology 5 Verb tenses 2
Futurity:
I go to school tomorrow
I am going to school tomorrow
I’m going to go to school tomorrow
I will go to school tomorrow
Past (simple)
Non-past: present (simple)
NOW
Past
Non-Past

10. Review: Morphology 6 Tense-aspect 3
They usually refer to a habitual action:
I go to school [as my main activity today]
I went to school last year [as my main activity then]
Past (simple)
Non-past: present (simple)
To remark habits in the past:
I used to go to school last year
I would go to school everyday
NOW
Past
Non-Past

11. Review: Morphology 7 Tense-aspect 4
Simple
Continuous/Progressive
Habitual process
On-going process:
To be + V-ing
Their price is decreasing
When I bought the shares,
their price was decreasing
Their price will be decreasing
NOW

12. Review: Morphology 8 Tense-aspect 5
Simple
Continuous/Progressive
Perfect
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
I have started this project two weeks ago
When you will be back, they will have finished the project
The deadline was yesterday
but I had started the project two months ago
NOW

13. Review: Morphology 9 Tense-aspect 6
Simple
Continuous/Progressive
Perfect
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
I have started this project two weeks ago
When you will be back, they will have finished the project
The deadline was yesterday
but I had started the project two months ago
NOW
I started the project two months ago because the deadline was yesterday

14. Review: Morphology 10 Duration form 7
Simple
Continuous/Progressive
Perfect
Perfect continuous
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
Some link with present and on-going : To have + BEEN + V-ing
I have been working on this project for four weeks
I have been working on this project since last month (2013)
NOW
BUT: I have known you all since March 10th

15. Review: Syntax 1
Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object, Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)//
AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS to have (e.g., Things have changed)
BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few constructions (e.g., are you finished?) //
Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. To bring about = to cause, to engender (causare, determinare) //
Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +…..
Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form)
Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form)
N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to do
Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) //
What brings about unemployement? (what = SUBJECT)
What does unemployment bring about? (what = ????)
WRONG: I’m interesting in fashion RIGHT: ????

16. Review: Syntax 2
Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands //
Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village was… [see vignette below]
In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for possessive case and article]//
TRANSITIVE: to raise (raised – raised); to lay (laid – laid)
INTRANSITIVE: to rise (rose – risen); to lie (lay – lain) (lying)
N.B.: to lie (to say something untrue) (lied – lied) (lying)

17. Review: Syntax 3
Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should + BARE INFINITIVE (without to)
Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?)
Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go)
They do not take to before or after:
WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONG
WRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG
They do not take –s for 3° person singular
WRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONG
They have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality:
Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK
I want TO focus/analyze
I would like TO focus/analyze

18. V (D.O.) (I.O.) S (Att) Review: syntax 4 Links within the text
Circumstances
Textual markers
Links within the text
On what condition?
(D.O.)
(I.O.) S V
How?
Why?
(Att)
Where?
When?
About the relation between interlocutors
General structure of the sentence

19. Review: Syntax 5
What sentence constituent is the underlined subordinate clause replacing?
I think (that) you can do excellent projects
Io penso che …
Can you replace “that” (“che”) with “which” (“il/la/i/le quale/i”)?
What’s the difference between the two uses of “honestly” below?
Honestly, I don’t think you can win the game
I don’t think you can honestly win the game
D.O. replacing subordinate clause
Discourse Marker (relation to interlocutors)
Vs.
Circumstance

20. Review: Syntax 6
Basic relative clauses
A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase
We have already sold the books that we received XXXX yesterday XXXX were delivered yesterday
A relative pronoun
A clause with a missing element
A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase
A relative pronoun
A clause with a missing element

21. Review: Syntax 7 Omitted relative pronoun:
From AMWAY: These distributors sell to people [that/whom] they know or meet.
Whiz (omitted which and auxiliary to be):
From BIC: Most large companies produce a variety of goods and services XXX XXX [which are] designed to meet customers’ needs…
Fused relative pronoun:
From BIC: This case study shows how [the way in which] BIC understands product life cycles
Other details about relative clauses

22. Review: Syntax 8
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
Try to figure out what the pair below has to do with relative clauses:
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
The car that is parked in front of the department is mine
My car, which is parked in front of the department, is a FIAT

23. Review: Pragmatics 1/1
Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression). // How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup?  It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)//
FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her].
INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.

24. Review: Pragmatics (Appendix)
Informal
Formal
Greetings
Sup?
Wassup?
What’s up?
How you doing?
How is it going?
How are you doing?
Good morning/afternoon/evening
Intro “
(very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you!
How do you do?
Parting after first meeting
(very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!

25. Review: Tools 1/1
Tools: Also, the financial and legal dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // Semantics of prototypes //
Google advanced search: with pdf and site: .edu (US universities) or .ac.edu (UK universities)
SUNECO’s library’s link to “online sources” (Open access journals)

26. FOEs 1/5 Economy Vs Economics
- Information (uncountable: much information NOT many informations , NOT an information)
Economy Vs Economics
Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous actions)
Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through (space; means/tool)
Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school)
I study English Vs I study the English language
Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form)
- A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university
An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour.
- Principal (of a secondary school), head, chair (of a Department), dean (of a college) president (of a university)

27. FOEs 2/5 - Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun)
- I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school
I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school
- Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of)
- Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun)
Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In fact it’s the largest (A dire il vero)
Industry usually means productive sector. Plant, factory (are the words for the place where things are manufactured)
When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses
Matricola (the person) = freshman/freshmen
Matricola (the number) = Student ID number

28. FOEs 3/5
What’s wrong in the sentence below?
WRONG Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission.
You need a subject!
Io sono d’accordo  I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree]
A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch]
Possessive case:
The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house
The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice
BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy
BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book

29. FOEs 4/5 (charts) April May June IN June ON May 23rd DURING the month
Fall – fell – fallen
WRONG: his trend is regular RIGHT: ????
ITA: media  ENG: mean (on average)
Price varies according to volume
WRONG: It is steadily for the first part
RIGHT: It is steady. It levels steadily. It is steadily high.
WRONG: After there is a slowly fall RIGHT: ????
WRONG: Before it varies RIGHT: ????
PREPOSITIONS
April
May
June
IN June
ON May 23rd
DURING the month
AT the end of June

30. To enter
If it refers to s.o. or s.t that moves into a place, to enter is transitive:
A company enters the market
But if it refers… [see activity]
FOEs 5/5
One – first 1st Two – second 2nd Three – third 3rd Four – fourth 4th …… Twenty one – Twenty first 21st Twenty two – Twenty second 22nd Twenty third – Twenty third 23rd Twenty four – Twenty fourth 24th …. Thirty one – Thirty first 31st …..

31. FOEs 6
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
MARKETING DOMESTICALLY
DOMESTIC FLIGHTS

32. Review: Acconto: Down-payment or Advance payment?
I would like our extended community of knowledge to solve the issue.
Let’s state the issue by looking at the definitions of the two English words in the financial dictionary.
The conclusion might also be along the lines:
From a logical/semantic point of view, we should not use “advance payment”. However, language use is different in this specific domain.

33. Portfolio’s checklist
Portfolio. At the end of the course you will be asked to submit your portfolio which will comprise at least the following material:
Exercises and reports of the in-class activities with my comments and initials (at least: 60% of all the exercises/reports you will be requested in class)
Texts generated for your project (at least: abstract/proposal, final paper, slides for a presentation)
A lexicon structured according to your own organizing criteria (mandatory)
Your curriculum vitae (mandatory)
Two cover/application letters: one for a corporate position, the other for a graduate program abroad (at least one)
A statement of goals for a graduate program, such as an MBA (Master’s degree in Business Administration) (mandatory)
A table of contents and commentary (at least 400 words maximum 800) on the material included in your portfolio (mandatory)

34. Syntax: Conditional sentences 1/4
Italian and English speakers might build conditional sentences with double conditional mood (Se o saprei o direi)
Or with double subjunctive mood (Si o sapisse o dicisse)

35. Syntax: conditional sentences 2/4
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you
____________________________________

36. Syntax: conditional sentences 3/4
If I knew it, I said it to you
If I would know it, I would say it to you
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you
____________________________________
If I had known it, I had said it to you
If I would have known it, I would have said it to you

37. Syntax: conditional sentences 4/4
If I knew it, I said it to you
If I would know it, I would say it to you
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you
If I knew it, I would say it to you
If I had known it, I would have said it to you
If I had known it, I had said it to you
If I would have known it, I would have said it to you

38. NOT FOR SUBMISSION
Write a conditional sentence about the reading, “Why Kraft is on a crash diet”.

39. Paper outline & Presentation slides draft
The blocks I expect in your projects
Introduction
Literature review
Hypothesis/es OR research question/s
(Methodology)
Data/results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Title and your name
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx

40. Listen, buddy, I’m not too thrilled about this either
Pretzel variety
Listen, buddy, I’m not too thrilled about this either
All right, let’s get this over with

41. Either “Bank operations” Or “Export-Import activities”
Terminology activity
The completed map MUST be in your portfolio
Same structure/similar terms
Different structure/Transparent terms
Either “Bank operations”
Or “Export-Import activities”
Same structure/different terms
Different structure/Opaque terms

42. Statement of goals
100 is the total number of bits of information you write
80 must talk about your future
20 must talk about your past and present
The difficulty is to avoid granted and naïve rhetoric (i.e., “My favorite colors are Green, White and Red because they are the colors of our flag”

43. MUSTs & MUST-NOTs MINIMUM MUSTs MUST rephrase MUST cite sources
MUST circumscribe your scope
MUSTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment
MUST carry out YOUR OWN analysis
MINIMUM MUST-NOTs
MUST NOT copy and paste
MUST NOT hide sources
MUST NOT write your paper in the slides
MUST-NOTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment
MUST NOT just repeat what other scholars wrote