1. Reconstruction IDs

2. Freedman’s Bureau Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned lands Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned lands Created to provide food, clothing, healthcare, and education for both black and white refugees in the South. Created to provide food, clothing, healthcare, and education for both black and white refugees in the South. Helped reunite families seperated by slavery and war. Helped reunite families seperated by slavery and war. Negotiated fair labor contracts between former slaves and white landowners. Negotiated fair labor contracts between former slaves and white landowners. Established the precedent that black citizens had legal rights. Established the precedent that black citizens had legal rights.

3. Black Codes Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and to keep them as landless workers. Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and to keep them as landless workers. Required African Americans to work only in certain occupations. Required African Americans to work only in certain occupations. Prohibited African Americans from owning land. Prohibited African Americans from owning land. Vagrancy laws Vagrancy laws

4. 14 th Amendment A constitutional amendment that stated all citizens should have “Equal protection under the law.” This amendment guaranteed equality under the law for all citizens. A constitutional amendment that stated all citizens should have “Equal protection under the law.” This amendment guaranteed equality under the law for all citizens. Part II on your own. P. 151 Part II on your own. P. 151 Part III on your own. Part III on your own.

5. 15 th Amendment Forbids any state from denying suffrage on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Forbids any state from denying suffrage on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Gives African Americans the right to vote. Gives African Americans the right to vote. Left room for evasion (literacy tests, property requirements etc…) Left room for evasion (literacy tests, property requirements etc…)

6. Military Reconstruction Act of 1867/ Radical Republican Reconstruction/ Congressional Reconstruction Nullified the moderate programs of Andrew Johnson Nullified the moderate programs of Andrew Johnson Divided the former Confederacy into five military districts Divided the former Confederacy into five military districts A Union general was placed in charge of each district with orders to maintain peace and protect the rights of persons and property. A Union general was placed in charge of each district with orders to maintain peace and protect the rights of persons and property.

7. Carpetbaggers Northern Republicans that migrated to the south after the Civil War. Northern Republicans that migrated to the south after the Civil War. Local residents often viewed carpetbaggers as intruders who sought to exploit the south's postwar turmoil for their own gain. Local residents often viewed carpetbaggers as intruders who sought to exploit the south's postwar turmoil for their own gain.

8. Scalawags Derogatory term for white southerners who worked with Republicans and supported Reconstruction. Derogatory term for white southerners who worked with Republicans and supported Reconstruction.

9. Ku Klux Klan A secret society formed to undermine Republican rule and reconstruction efforts. A secret society formed to undermine Republican rule and reconstruction efforts. Hooded, white robed Klan members rode through the south at night terrorizing African Americans, Republicans, carpetbaggers, teachers in African American schools, and others who supported Republican governments. Hooded, white robed Klan members rode through the south at night terrorizing African Americans, Republicans, carpetbaggers, teachers in African American schools, and others who supported Republican governments. In 1870 and 1871 Pres. Grant and Congress passed a series of Enforcement Acts to limit the power of the Klan. In 1870 and 1871 Pres. Grant and Congress passed a series of Enforcement Acts to limit the power of the Klan.

10. Compromise of 1877 Compromise to decided who would win the election of 1876, Hayes or Tilden. Compromise to decided who would win the election of 1876, Hayes or Tilden. Southern democrats would give the election to Hayes if a southerner would be made postmaster general Southern democrats would give the election to Hayes if a southerner would be made postmaster general Republicans promised funds for internal improvements to the south Republicans promised funds for internal improvements to the south Republicans also promised to remove federal troops from the south. Republicans also promised to remove federal troops from the south. Ended Reconstruction Ended Reconstruction

11. Jim Crow Laws Laws that enforced segregation and perpetuated discrimination against African-Americans. Laws that enforced segregation and perpetuated discrimination against African-Americans.

12. Literacy Tests Some states required that prospective voters be literate, so tests were given to test literacy.( the ability to read or understand the Constitution) Some states required that prospective voters be literate, so tests were given to test literacy.( the ability to read or understand the Constitution) These tests were used to disenfranchise blacks in the south as test officials could pass or fail applicants as they wished. These tests were used to disenfranchise blacks in the south as test officials could pass or fail applicants as they wished.

13. Poll Taxes Southern states passed laws requiring all citizens registering to vote must pay a tax. Southern states passed laws requiring all citizens registering to vote must pay a tax. This disenfranchised people living in poverty. This disenfranchised people living in poverty. Grandfather clauses were eventually used to exclude poor white southerners from poll taxes. Grandfather clauses were eventually used to exclude poor white southerners from poll taxes.

14. Grandfather Clauses Any man could vote (without a poll tax or a literacy test) who had an ancestor on the voting rolls before 1865. Any man could vote (without a poll tax or a literacy test) who had an ancestor on the voting rolls before 1865. This made almost all African-Americans ineligible to vote. This made almost all African-Americans ineligible to vote.

15. Lynching Executions without proper court proceedings. Executions without proper court proceedings. Between 1890-1899 there was an average of 187 lynchings per year. Between 1890-1899 there was an average of 187 lynchings per year. Over 80% of these lynchings were carried out in the South, and 70% of the victims were African Americans. Over 80% of these lynchings were carried out in the South, and 70% of the victims were African Americans.

16. Ida B. Wells An African-American woman from Tennessee who crusaded against lynching. An African-American woman from Tennessee who crusaded against lynching.

17. Booker T. Washington African American educator who proposed that African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than legal or political ones. African American educator who proposed that African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than legal or political ones. He believed that the fight for civil rights should be postponed and that African Americans instead shoulde prepare themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality. He believed that the fight for civil rights should be postponed and that African Americans instead shoulde prepare themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality.

18. W.E.B. Du Bois Du Bois believed that African Americans would only gain full rights by demanding equality. Du Bois believed that African Americans would only gain full rights by demanding equality. He argued that even though African Americans had made educational and vocational gains, southerners were still denying them of equal rights. He argued that even though African Americans had made educational and vocational gains, southerners were still denying them of equal rights. Particularly concerned with voting rights. Particularly concerned with voting rights.