1. AKA the Middle Ages AKA the Dark Ages
Medieval Europe
AKA the Middle Ages
AKA the Dark Ages

2. In a nutshell Roman Empire Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Church
Maintains a
strong central
government
Struggles to reestablish
a strong central
government
Roman Empire
Eastern Byzantine
Empire
Western Roman Empire
Overrun by barbarians in
476AD.
Constantinople
replaces Rome as the world’s
wealthiest city
Includes Italy, Gaul
Britain and Spain.
Dark Ages
Resists barbarian invasions
Roman Catholic
Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Roman Empire split between east and west 395AD

3. The Systems fell apart or collapsed
The political System fell
The Economic system fell
The Social System fell
The Belief system didn’t fall it Reorganized
Rome Falls
What do we mean when we say that Rome fell?
Did it fall like a person falls?
Where did it go?
How much of it fell?
Who caused it to fall?
Did it stay fallen?

4. The Middle Ages Crusades Renaissance Dark Manors Feudalism
Western Europe
Crusades
Renaissance
Dark
Manors
Feudalism
Trade $$$$ Towns
Chaos
476
1400s
Dark Ages
Timeline

5. With the fall of ROME the lights go out.
Germanic invasion destroyed most of the accomplishments of the Romans.
Trade and transportation disappeared
The system of Law and Order collapsed
Economy based upon a common currency (money) dissolved. Europeans took a step backwards from a cash to a barter economy.

6. Pay attention !!!
Are you writing this stuff down?

7. Enter the M EROVINGIAN Kings
The Merovingian Kings ruled the most powerful of the Germanic groups, the Franks.
These Frankish Kings controlled what is now France and Western Germany.
The first of the Merovingian Kings was Clovis.
Fifteen years after becoming King, Clovis converted to Catholicism/Christanity.

8. The decline of the Merovingian Kings
Rivalries between heirs to the Frankish throne caused the decline and end of the Merovingian monarchy.
The important thing is that the link between the Germanic kings and the Catholic (Universal) Christain Church was established.

9. Mayors of the Palace
To prevent further fragmentation of the kingdom, the kings established the Mayors of the Palace.
These government officials were responsible for running the kingdom.

10. Charles Martel
In 732, Charles Martel as Mayor of the Palace lead a successful defense against Muslim invasion at the Battle of Tours.
Christian Europe was “saved” and Martel was promoted.
In 752 Charles Martel’s son Pepin the Short was named and anointed king by the Pope.

11. Charlemagne
Pepin’s son became king in 768. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) became the first of the Carolingian Kings.

12. Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
Established the Frankish Empire.
Encouraged learning in Europe.
Defended Pope Leo III against rebellious nobles in Rome.
Revived the idea of a unified Christian Church and Empire.

13. Life in Medieval Europe
Feudalism
Manoralism
The Catholic Church

14. Life in Medieval Europe
Feudalism (Political)
Manoralism
(Economic)
The Catholic Church (Social and Belief)

15. Life in Medieval Europe
Political systems determine who makes the major decisions.
Economic systems determine how goods are distributed (who gets what and how much).
Belief and Social systems determine what beliefs and values are promoted (how people should live).

16. Political System
Feudal society was ruled by the hierarchy to the right.
A hierarchy is a system of ranking that determines importance, value or power and ranges from least to most …

17. The Manorial / economic system
The manorial system was also based on a rigid {fixed} hierarchy. Each group had a specific job and duties. All goods were produced and consumed in the same estate (manor).

18. The manor {self-contained and self-sufficient}

19. Belief System
During the Middle Ages, the Christian Church spilt in to two distinct branches, the Orthodox Christian Church (in the East) and the Roman Catholic Church (in the West).
While Western Europe experienced the Middle (Dark) Ages, The Byzantine Empire continued in the East.

20. The Roman Catholic Church hierarchy
The Pope
Archbishops
Bishops
Local Priests

21. The role of the Church Spiritual Role
Secular (worldly or non-sacred) Role
The Church gained wealth through the tithe and became the largest land holder in Europe.
The Church also controlled education.
Criticizing the Church was considered the capital crime of heresy.
Spiritual Role
Priests instructed the people in the Faith and acceptable behavior.
Heaven, Hell and Excommunication (expulsion from the Church) guaranteed the compliance of church rules.

22. How religion can = Power
The Sacraments of the Catholic Church
Baptism
Communion
Marriage
Holy Orders
Last Rites
The Church had the authority to administer or withhold the sacraments.
The Church therefore had the power to decide who could marry whom and who could practice religion.

23. Political Power of the Church
The Church created secular laws called Cannon laws and established its own court system.
Sometimes monarchs refused to recognize the Church's authority.
{In 1200s Pope Innocent III excommunicated King John of England.}

24. The growth of Anti-Semitism
The Church banned Jewish people from owning land or practicing many occupations.
Jewish people were also blamed for many misfortunes including famines and diseases.
Jewish people were persecuted because many Christians blamed them for the death of Jesus Christ.

25. The Crusades
In 1050s, the Turks who were Muslims invaded the Byzantine Empire and conquered Palestine. The Christine Church called for a holy war to drive the Muslims from the Palestine. These war were known as the Crusades.

26. The Crusades 200 year war 1. The Turks invaded Palestine in 1050
2. Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont encouraged all Christians to reclaim the Holy Land.
Initially (at first) the Christians were successful and captured the city of Jerusalem in 1099.
The Crusaders divided the conquered lands into four Crusader states.

27. Crusades Muslim victory of commander Saladin.
Saladin united the Muslims and the recaptured Palestine (the Christian Holy Land).
The Crusaders in Jerusalem surrender.
Unlike the Crusaders who massacred Muslims and Jewish people years earlier, Saladin commanded his soldiers not to kill or massacre the Christians.

29. Crusades
Richard the Lion-Hearted, King of England led the Third Crusade in 1189.
Although he won several victories, his armies were unable to recapture Jerusalem.
The Crusades fizzled out.
The Fourth Crusade was likewise unsuccessful.
Later Muslims recaptured the last Crusader states in 1291 and massacred its Christian inhabitants

30. The Crusades are important Why?
The Crusades left behind a legacy of hatred and revenge between Christians and Muslims.
The Crusades encouraged trade that introduced new goods to western Europe building up the Merchant class.
The Crusades also encouraged learning and exposed the Europeans to advances made in the East {math , science, literature and the arts}.

31. The Crusades
Because of its results, the Crusades are often called the most successful war that was ever lost.

32. Cause and effect of the Crusades

33. Assessment of Learning/Homework
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