1. POLITICAL PARTIES

2. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties regulated by state & federal laws Candidates are not chosen by party leaders Also –Unimportant in life – Americans do not join or pay dues

3. The first political parties Founders disliked parties ( factions) Democratic- Republicans & Federalists –Begin with differing views of the constitution and political notables

5. Figure 7.3: Cleavages and Continuity in the Two-Party System (cont’d)

6. 3. Discuss the reason for party decline Party loyalty has declined Split-ticket voting* Increase in Independents No longer sources of political information

7. Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification, 1952-2000: Source: National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.

8. Roles of Minor Parties Critics“Spoilers” Ideas are often borrowed by major parties

9. Types of Minor Parties 1. Ideological parties – comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters. Ex. – Libertarian & Socialist party 2. Single-issue party – concentrate on one public-policy issue. Ex. – Right to Life Party

10. 3. Economic protest – Economic discontent Ex. – Populist 4. Splinter parties – a party that has split away from one of the major parties. Ex. – “Bull Moose” and American Independent

11. Fundamental Goal To win elections Why? To control government

12. DO THE PARTIES DIFFER? Democrats & Republicans Democrats – Women, Union workers, teachers, urban, African-American & other minorities, Catholic & Jews Issues – Pro-choice, gov’t regulations on businesses and support social welfare programs

13. Republicans- white males, business community, rural, Protestants Issues – pro-life, lower taxes, and favor private market forces in the economy

14. What factors tend to influence ones choice in political parties?

15. Family Major events Economic status Other

17. Table 7.2: The Rise of Republican Politics in the South, 1956-2002

18. Table 7.3: Party Voting in Presidential Elections

19. Critical Elections Sharp and lasting shift in coalitions Major defeat of a party, and a new one taking its place New issue

20. TWO-PARTY SYSTEM RARE IN THE WORLD U.S. SYSTEM - WHY? Historical The force of Tradition Basic consensus on fundamental matters Electoral system –Winner-take-all

21. Map 7.1: The Election of 1828

22. Map 7.2: The Election of 1860

23. Map 7.3: The Election of 1896

24. Map 7.4: The Election of 1932

25. Table 7.4: The Public Rates the Two Parties

26. Table 7.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Differ in Liberal Ideology

27. Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and Voters

28. Journal Does a difference exist between the Democratic and Republican parties? Consider how the voters and candidates differ on the issues.

29. Two-Party System in American History Three Eras of single-party domination

30. Era of Democrats 1800-1860 Era of Republicans 1860-1932 Era of Democrats 1932-1968 Era of Divided Gov’t