1. Chapter 2/3: Physical Geography

2. Tectonic Plates  Tectonic Plates slide and grind past each other to cause landforms and natural disasters

3. Volcano

4. Earthquake

5. Tsunami

6. Erosion

7. Mudslide

8. Things to know about Earth  70% of the Earth’s surface is water, 97% of the water is found in oceans  Hurricanes- happen mostly in the Atlantic Ocean, has to be at least 75 mph winds, they usually weaken over land but cause tornadoes (75% in US) & floods. (category 5-highest, 155 mph winds)

9. Hurricane (again)

10. Typhoon

11. Tornadoes

12. Revolution and Rotation  The Earth’s revolution and tilt causes the changing seasons, the tilt effects the temperature  The Earth’s rotation causes day and night

13. Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn

14. Climate Regions  Tropical-these are also called the low latitudes (equator to Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn/0 degrees to 23 degrees)  Types- tropical wet, tropical wet and dry, semiarid, arid, highland (these are found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia)

15. Tropical Wet

16. Arid/Semiarid

17. Highland

18. Climate cont.  Mid Latitudes-great variety of precipitation and temperature (23 degrees to 66 degrees)  Types- humid continental, humid subtropical (SE USA), marine west coast (located near the ocean is mainly damp and foggy), and Mediterranean (also in the US)

19. Humid Subtropical

20. Humid Continental

21. Mediterranean

22. Marine West Coast

23. Climate cont. again  High Latitudes- below freezing temps frozen soil (66 degrees to 90 degrees a.k.a. the poles)  Types- tundra (some plants and bushes), ice cap (no vegetation), sub arctic (really cold)

24. High Latitudes

25. Vegetation Regions  Vegetation depends on climate (more precip.=more plant life, less precip.= less plant life)  Two important Types- Desert (not much plant life, dependant on precipitation- less than 10 in/yr) and Taiga (form a ring of trees around the Artic Circle)

26. Desert

27. Taiga

28. Elements of Climate

29. Factor Number 1 Elevation

30. The higher the elevation, the colder the temperature.

31. Factor Number 2 Latitude Belts

32. Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Arctic Circle

33. Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Arctic Circle HIGH LOW HIGH MIDDLE 90 0 23 1/2 66 1/2

34. Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Arctic Circle HIGH MIDDLE 90 S 90 N 0 23 ½ N 23 ½ S 66 ½ N 66 ½ S LOW North Pole South Pole

35. Factor Number 3 Influence of Winds

36. High mountains located near large bodies of water block the moisture that blows in from the ocean and create a rain shadow on the leeward side of the mountain.

37. Vocabulary The windward side of the mountain is the side of the mountain that faces the ocean. When the winds blow the moisture in from the ocean, the windward side of the mountains gets the rain. As the air rises to go over the mountain, it cools and loses moisture before it gets over the mountain. The leeward side of the mountain is the side of the mountain that does not face the ocean. It is the arid side of the mountain. This side of the mountain lies in the rain shadow or an area that receives little rain.

38. Windward side of the Mountain Leeward side of the Mountain Rain Shadow

39. Mountains Rain shadow Rain is blocked by the mountains Winds blow in from west to east and are blocked by the coastal mountains. The moisture never makes it across the mountains http://gis.binghamton.edu/GIS%20Sites.htm

40. Winds impact climate around the world. The Monsoons are winds that blow over Asia in the summer and winter. The winter monsoons are dry while the summer monsoons are wet. The people in Asia depend on the arrival of these winds to survive.

41. Wind Patterns http://www.mrdowling.com/612monsoons.gif

42. Factor Number 4 Proximity to Water

43. Places located near large bodies of water have a relatively mild climate. Water does not heat up or cool down as quickly as the air temperature. The warmer breezes blowing off the water, create a mild climate.

44. Countries located close to large bodies of warm water have a milder climate. Notice the warm ocean current off the coast of northwest Europe. North Atlantic Drift

45. Compare the climate of London England with a city in Canada at the same latitude belt. Which region has the mildest climate? Why?