1. Climatic Zones p
P. 75 fig. 5.1

2. 6 climate regions Each has sub-regions

3. Tropical Climates - Common
Temp. over 180C every day
A relatively flat temperature line
Low latitude
Between the “Tropics!”
Warm ocean currents and
Prevailing winds.

4. Tropical Climates-Sub Regions
Tropical Wet & Dry Sub- region
Very heavy summer rain
Very dry winter due to seasonal shift in prevailing winds.
Monsoon regions
Seasons- dry or wet
Tropical Wet Subregion
Heavy rain all year due to high temp
Resulting convectional rain.
Precipitation in each month is high

5. Tropical Wet & Dry - Climate graphs
Precipitation is very high in summer months and very low in winter months
Relatively flat temperature line
Temperature relatively constant & high (19-270C)
Wet and dry seasons
Wet and dry monsoons

6. Tropical Wet - Climate graphs
Precipitation in each month is high
Temperature constant & high (19-270C)
Relatively flat temperature line

7. Dry Climates

8. Dry Climates All Dry climates: < 500mm precipitation annually
More evaporation than precipitation
No cloud cover
High daytime temperatures
Low nighttime temperatures
Temperatures may vary seasonally
Cold ocean currents
Rain shadow areas

9. Dry Climates Semi-arid steppe Sub- Region
Arid or Desert Subregion
Occur between 10-30oN & 10-30oS
10-250mm rain annually
Cold ocean currents and rain shadow areas
Hot days but cool nights
Little cloud cover allows heat in during day but heat to escape at night
Semi-arid steppe Sub- Region
Transition Zone between desert & Forest
mm rain annually
Seasonal shift in prevailing wind
Hot days but cool nights – little cloud cover

10. Arid - Climate graphs Arid /desert Climograph p. 76 fig. 5.2
Below is a climate graph for Berbera, Somalia
Precipitation in each month is low (total less than 250mm)
Temperature may vary seasonally

11. Semi-Arid - Climate graphs
Monthly precipitation is fairly low
Annual total is less than 500mm
Temperature may vary seasonally

12. REMEMBER!!!!
The main factor that characterizes the DRY climate zone is the amount of precipitation – there is not very much!

13. Temperate Mild winter Temperate Mild Winter
Usually near oceans (coastal)
Four seasons
Higher latitudes result in cooler winters but warm summers
Temperature in coldest month is above –3oC
Close enough to equator to affect temperature

14. Temperate Mild winter Marine west coast
Coastal regions
Many found on west coast of continents…
Winters are mild
Warmed by warm ocean current
Summers are cool and wet
Orographic precipitation on mountains

15. Temperate Mild winter Mediterranean
Mostly around Mediterranean sea area. (Italy, Greece)
Hot and DRY summers
Wind from land has little moisture
Mild winters
Moderating warm wind from the ocean

16. Temperate Mild Winter - Subtropical
Close to “Tropics”
Hotter summers
Colder Winters
& More precipitation
Less moderated by ocean but frontal rainfall as polar and tropical air meets
More summer precipitation
Convectional rain due to high temperatures

17. Which is: Marine West Coast , Mediterranean, Subtropical?

18. Temperate cold winter Also called Continental
Locations generally affected by continentality
Generally the mid Latitudes
Main distinguishing factor for the 3 subregions in this group is latitude – closer to equator vs. further from the equator
Temperature of the coldest month is below –3oC
Higher latitudes increase seasonal affect.

19. Temperate cold winter - Continental Warm Summer
Compared to the other sub-regions in this group:
Summer is warmer
Lower latitude -closer to the equator

20. Temperate cold winter - Continental Cool Summer
Further north than the Continental Warm Summer.
Result - Summer is cooler than in the Continental Warm Summer.
Also means less precipitation than in the Continental Warm Summer.

21. Continental Subregion
* Temp Range increases as you move inland.
Away from moderating influence of ocean.
* Summer days are very long.
Higher latitude – increases effect of earth’s tilt.
* Summer temp decreases as latitude increases.
Further from direct rays of sun.
* Summer has highest precipitation.
Frontal rainfall as polar and tropical air masses meet.

22. Temperate cold winter - Subarctic
Winters are long and very cold –
High latitude
Little precipitation
Too cold
Heavy snow
Too cold for snow to melt

23. Compare precipitation and temperature!!
Which is: Continental Warm Summer, Continental Cool Summer, Subarctic?
Subarctic
Compare precipitation and temperature!!
Continental Warm Summer
Continental Cool Summer
Which is further north??

24. Polar Region
Polar Region
High latitudes
(+60o latitude)
Near poles

25. POLAR CLIMATES Temperature never goes above 100 C High Latitude
Sun may not shine for months
High latitudes increase the effect of the tilt of the earth

26. Polar Region – Tundra Less severe on the coast
Has moderating influence of the ocean

27. Polar Region –Ice Cap More severe inland, away from the ocean
Temperatures never go above 0o C
Continentality makes it colder.
Away from moderating influence of ocean

28. Which is Tundra, which is Ice Cap?
Notice how little precipitation occurs.

29. Highlands Elevations over 1000 m
Colder conditions than the lower lying areas surrounding it.
Elevation decreases temperatures

30. Patterns of climatic zones
Globally speaking where is each climatic zone concentrated?
Tropical ____
Dry ____
Temperate ___
Polar ____
Highland ____

31. Practice Question #2 p. 75 Part a Georgetown, Guyana Tropical
(Tropical wet)
Bombay, India
Tropical - Monsoonal
(Tropical Wet & Dry)
Montreal
Temperate Cold Winter
(Continental Warm Summer)
Alice Springs Australia
Dry (arid/semiarid)

32. Practice Question #2 p. 75 Part b
Montreal & Alice Springs have wide temperature ranges
Re. Temperature ; colder winter in Montreal
Re. precipitation; more in Montreal
Re. Months of summer; opposite summer months due to North & south Hemispheres

33. Practice Question #2 p. 75 Part c
Different hemispheres give opposite seasons
Question #2 p. 75 Part d
Montreal = temperate cold winter (Cont. Warm Summer)
Alice springs = Dry (Semi-arid)
Question #3 p. 77 is a good practice question too.