1. English Language Arts Level 7 #5 Ms. Walker

2. Today’s Objectives Prefixes that mean “not” Grammar: Parts of Speech – Conjunctions and Prepositions Articles and Interjections Sentence Building Idiom of the Day

3. Common Prefixes for the Word, “Not” a - dis - il - un - im - in - ir - mis -

4. Each Prefix Means “ Not ” “ a -” typical = “ dis -” agree = “ il -” literate = “ un -” popular = Not typical Not agree Not literate Not popular

5. Prefixes for the Word “Not” “ im -” mobile = “ in -” exact = “ ir -” responsible “ mis -”interpret = Not mobile Not exact Not responsible Not understood

6. The Prefix “un-” “ un -” = not

7. The Prefix “dis-” “dis-” = not

8. The Prefix “im-” “im-” = not

9. Assignment Find one word in the dictionary that begins with each prefix below. a- dis - il - un - im - in - ir - mis -

10. Answers Will Vary Remember: Each prefix means “not.” Look for words that have the “not” meaning at the beginning of each word.

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12. Part 2 – Grammar: Parts of Speech Prepositions and Conjunctions

13. Grammar: Parts of Speech

14. Preposition Defined A preposition belongs to a class of words that are used before nouns, pronouns, or other substantives (words that function as nouns) to form phrases functioning as modifiers of verbs, nouns, or adjectives.

15. Prepositional Phrases Study the list of prepositions that accompany this lesson. These words are most often used to start a phrase (a word group that acts as a part of speech).

16. Prepositional Phrases Examples of prepositional phrases: In the room on the table by Wednesday to the store

17. How to make a Prepositional Phrase The prepositional phrase consists of at least two words: it begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Look at your list of prepositions. Select one preposition and add a noun to it.

18. Making the Prepositional Phrase Example: “in the room” “In” is the preposition. “Room” is the noun. “In room” forms an incomplete prepositional phrase, but these two parts are the main ingredients.

19. Making the Prepositional Phrase Remember that we need an adjective to describe the noun. In “which” room? If we add “the,” our phrase is complete.

20. Prepositional Phrase “ In the room” is a complete prepositional phrase. Let’s create another prepositional phrase using “on.” Remember: we begin with “on.” We then add a noun or pronoun and any modifiers.

21. Prepositional Phrase To make the prepositional phrase we begin with the preposition “on.” Now we have to answer the question “on what?” or “on whom?”

22. Answer “On what? or “On whom?” “on the table” or “on him” Notice that a noun or pronoun follows the preposition. The noun or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the “object of the preposition.”

23. How to diagram the prepositional phrase “on the table” on table the preposition Noun (object of the preposition) adjective

24. Usage in a Sentence The book is on the table. bookis on table the Prepositional Phrase

25. Preposition Before a Pronoun When a preposition comes before a pronoun, an adjective used to describe it is not necessary. Example: John gave the book to her.

26. Pronoun after a Preposition John gave the book to her. John gave book to her Preposition Pronoun Prepositional Phrase

27. Prepositions in a Diagram How do we know where to place a prepositional phrase in a diagram? Prepositional Phrases act as either adverbs or adjectives and are placed beneath the verb or the noun it modifies.

28. Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun is functioning as an adjective phrase. Remember that adjectives tell what kind, how many, or which one.

29. Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives The whale with the unusual markings is our favorite. (tells which whale) whale isfavorite our markings with the unusual The

30. Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb is functioning as an adverb phrase. Remember that adverbs tell how, when, where, how often, and to what extent.

31. Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs The whales in the water park show performed with ease. (adverb phrase; tells how) whalesperformed w i t h ease

32. Assignment Complete the prepositional phrase worksheet. You must have 11 correct answers to show proficiency.

33. Grammar: Parts of Speech

34. Conjunctions Connect Conjunctions are words that connect words, sentences or clauses together. There are two main types of conjunctions: coordinating and subordinating.

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37. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions join two items of equal importance. For, and, nor, but, or, yet and so are the coordinating conjunctions in English.

38. Coordinating Conjunctions There is an easy way to memorize the seven coordinating conjunctions by forming the mnemonic FANBOYS.

39. Coordinating Conjunctions = for = and = nor = but = or = yet = so O

40. The Conjunction “For” “For” which means “because,” is used to show a reason between clauses. He is always crying, for he is very sad.

41. The Conjunction “And” “And” joins two similar ideas, words, phrases, or clauses together. We played very well, and we still lost the game.

42. Diagram the Coordinating Conjunction We played very well, and we still lost the game. Weplayed Welostgame well and still the very

43. The Conjunction “Nor” “Nor” is used to join two negative alternatives. I don’t like red, nor do I like blue.

44. The Conjunction “But” “But” joins two contrasting ideas. We played very well, but we still lost the game.

45. The Conjunction “Or” “Or” joins two alternative ideas. Either we are going to win, or they are going to win.

46. The Conjunction “Yet” “Yet” means “but,” and is used to show a disagreement between clauses. I am smarter than my brother, yet he still got a higher grade on the test.

47. The Conjunction “So” “So” shows that the second idea is the result of the first and shows a reason between clauses. I want to get there early, so we should leave soon.

49. Subordinating Conjunctions although, as, because, before, if, once, since than, that, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever.

50. Subordinating Conjunctions A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause, which depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning and cannot stand alone:

51. Dependent Clause in a Diagram Although the boy wrote a story, he did not get a grade. hedid get grade boywrotestory not a Although the a

52. Using the Subordinating Conjunction Unless is another subordinating conjunction that starts a dependent clause Unless we leave now, we will be late.

53. Diagram the Subordinating Conjunction “ Unless we leave now” is a dependent clause. we will be late weleave unless now Subordinating Conjunction Dependent Clause

54. Subordinating Conjunctions List Study the subordinating conjunctions list that accompanies this lesson. Use these words to make dependent clauses that will be particularly helpful when writing paragraphs.

55. Assignment Complete the coordinating conjunctions worksheet. You must have nine correct answers to show proficiency.

56. Assignment Complete the adverb phrase worksheet. (The phrases begin with subordinating conjunctions.) You must have seven correct to show proficiency.

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58. Grammar: Parts of Speech Articles And Interjections

59. Grammar: Parts of Speech

60. Articles are Adjectives Which Modify Nouns

61. There Are Three Articles A, AN, and THE are called articles. THE is the Definite Article which specifies a particular noun. A and AN are both used for the Indefinite Article. They are not specific.

62. Articles "The boy" refers to a definite, particular boy, but "A boy" refers to no particular boy; it could be any boy.

63. “A” or “An”? When do we use “ a,” and when do we use “ an ?” We use “ a ” before most nouns. We use “ an ” in front of nouns that begin with the letters “a,” “e,” “i,” “o” or “u.”

64. The use of “an” The word, “octopus” begins with the letter “o.” We would never say or write “a octopus.” We must use “an” in front of octopus because it begins with an “o.” Therefore we must write or say “an octopus.”

65. Use “an” with words that begin with a, e, i, o and u a pple e ffort i nterview o rder u nderstanding

66. Diagram an Article I will have an apple and a newspaper with the coffee. I will have apple newspaper |||||| an a the coffee with and

67. Assignment Complete the Articles worksheet 1that accompanies this lesson.

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69. Grammar: Parts of Speech

70. Interjections

72. Interjection Defined An interjection is a word or short phrase used in speech to gain attention, to exclaim, protest or command. Interjections can be used to show emotion such as surprise or shock.

73. Interjections Interjections are often found at the beginning of a sentence, especially in speech, and are commonly followed by an exclamation mark (!) or a comma.

74. Interjections Hey! Get off that floor! Oh, that is a surprise. Good! Now we can move on. Yes! and No!

75. Interjections Are Sounds Some interjections are sounds: Examples: Phew! I am not trying that again. Humph! I knew that last week. Mmmm, my compliments to the chef.

76. Assignments Complete the interjections worksheet that accompanies this lesson.

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78. Part 3 - The Idiom Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

79. “take a back seat” 1. If an activity takes a back seat, you spend less time doing that than other things. He's been putting all his energies into house-hunting recently so his studies have had to take a back seat.

80. “take a back seat” 2. to let other people take a more active and responsible part in an organization or a situation: I was content to take a back seat and let the rest of my family deal with the crisis.

81. “take a back seat” If you take a back seat to something or someone, you don’t necessarily get into the back seat of a car or bus. You let someone else take the lead or you make one thing more important than something else.

82. This lesson has ended It was a pleasure to work with you today. During our next lesson, you will learn about root words. You will learn new sentence types. In addition, you will learn a new Idiom of the Day.

83. This Lesson Has Ended Goodbye Until Next Time