2. English Language Arts Level 7 #6 - Ms. Walker

3. Assessment: Parts of Speech Sentence Building: Types of Sentences Idiom of the Day

5. Word that names b An b An Idea b A b A Thing Place b A Person

6. Kinds of Nouns

7. A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Linking Action “be”verbs & Helping Verbs Action

8. Every sentence must have Every sentence must have a a

9. Kinds of Verbs Action verbs express mental or physical action. He rode the horse to victory. The flower is pretty. Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.

10. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those

11. Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes. Did you lose your address book? Answers these questions:

12. How? He ran quickly. She left yesterday. When? We went there. Where? It was too hot! To what degree or how much? To what degree or how much? Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: Answers the questions:

13. Interrogative Adverbs introduce questions How did you break your leg? When does your plane leave? How often do you run? Where did you put the mouse trap?

14. A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada.

15. The preposition never stands alone ! preposition noun pronoun object of preposition object object can have modifiers You can press those leaves under glass. It happened during the last examination.

16. Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

17. The Conjunction A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. and or but either/or Neither /nor

18. The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Look at that sunset!

19. Assessment: Parts of Speech Complete the Parts of Speech Test that accompanies this lesson. You must answer 4 questions correctly for each part of speech to show proficiency.

20. Break

22. Grammar: End-of-Sentence Punctuation Marks Three ways to end sentences in English:

23. End of Sentence Punctuation Marks Declarative and imperative sentences end with a period (.) Interrogative sentences end with a question mark. (?) Exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation point. (!)

24. Declarative Sentences Make statements and end with periods Cookies taste good. We didn’t get home until late. Dolphins can recognize their reflections.

25. Declarative Declarative - A declarative sentence makes a statement. A declarative sentence ends with a period. Example: The house will be built on a hill (.)

26. Declarative Sentence The house will be built on a hill. house will be built The on a hill

27. Interrogative - An interrogative sentence asks a question. An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark (?). Example: How did you find the card ? Interrogative

28. Interrogative Sentences Asks questions; ends with question marks. Are you going home ? When is the graduation ? Why didn’t I take notes ?

29. Diagram Interrogative Sentences Are you going home ? youare going home

30. Exclamatory Sentences Exclamatory - An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark. (!) Exclamatory sentences often begin with interjections.

31. Exclamatory Sentences Excitedly expresses emotion; ends with exclamation point (!) The robber is escaping (!) That car is headed right for us (!) I can’t believe we won (!)

32. Diagram Exclamatory Sentences I can’t believe we won ! we won I can believe not

33. Imperative Sentences Imperative - An imperative sentence gives a command. Example: Cheryl, try the other door (.) Cheryl try door the other

34. Imperative Sentence Sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood. Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

35. Imperative Sentences Be home by midnight. Drop the weapon! (You,) Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.

36. Diagram Imperative Sentences Look in the closet. (You) look in closet the

37. Review Write down whether each sentence is… Declarative Imperative Exclamatory Interrogative

38. 1 Take out your soccer ball and play a game.

39. 2 Why aren’t you doing your work?

40. 3 Wow, I am so happy!

41. 4 It is time for lunch.

42. 5 Why do we have to take a test?

43. Assignment Complete the Sentence_type_wrkst. You must have seven correct answers to show proficiency.

45. Fragments and Run-ons Fragments and run-ons are sentences that cannot be diagrammed properly. First, let’s look at sentence fragments.

47. Sentence Fragments A sentence fragment is a statement that cannot stand alone as a sentence, even though it might look like it should be able to. A sentence fragment may be lacking a subject, a verb, or both.

48. Sentence Fragments Example: Although she went to the store she went Although to store the

49. Did You Notice? When we diagrammed the sentence, the word although was not on or beneath the diagram line.

50. Sentence Fragments The word, although, is a subordinating conjunction which begins a dependent clause which cannot stand alone as a sentence. Therefore, the group of words in the diagram is a fragment.

51. Other Fragments Because John made a basket John made basket Is it a sentence or a fragment? because

52. Fragment “Because John made a basket,” is not a complete sentence because it begins with the subordinating conjunction, because, and cannot stand alone. See the complete sentence that follows:

53. Complete Sentence Because John made a basket, we won the game. we won game John made basket the because a

54. A Sentence Can Be Diagrammed “We won the game” is a complete sentence and can be diagrammed. “Because John made a basket,” is a fragment and cannot be diagrammed. Did you notice that “because” is separate from the rest of the sentence in the diagram?

55. Diagram It Remember, if you are not sure whether it’s a sentence or a fragment, diagram your sentence to make sure all the words fit on the diagram.

56. Some Words that can Begin a Fragment although as because before if once since that till unless until when whenever where

57. Dependent Clauses The previous words should be used at the beginning of a group of words. The group of words is called a dependent clause. A complete sentence must come before or after the dependent clause.

59. Run-on Sentences Run-on sentences do not have the proper mark after the sentence. You must have a period (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!) to end a sentence.

60. Run-on Sentences Some sentences run together because the punctuation inside the sentence is not used or is used incorrectly. Punctuation inside the sentence includes commas (,) semicolons (;) and colons (:).

61. Proper Punctuation The types of sentences you learned earlier all end with a punctuation mark. There are three punctuation marks that end sentences: The period (.), the question mark (?) and the exclamation mark (!).

62. Run-on Sentences What would happen if you failed to use a punctuation mark at the end of a sentence? If you write another sentence, the result would be a run-on sentence. Example: Julie and Susan walked to the park they played on the swings.

63. The Run-on Sentence Julie and Susan walked to the park they played on the swings. There are two sentences. Where does the punctuation mark go? What type of punctuation mark is used?

64. Let’s Add Punctuation The punctuation mark goes after the word, park. The period (.) is used at the end of the sentence. Julie and Susan walked to the park (.) T hey played on the swings.

65. Did You Notice? Did you notice that we capitalized the word that came after the period (.) ? Julie and Susan walked to the park (.) T hey played on the swings. You can also use the conjunction “and” to connect the sentences.

66. Another Punctuation Mark I love the zoo look at that tall giraffe Which punctuation mark do we use with these sentences? Where do we put them?

67. The Exclamation Mark (!) We put the exclamation mark after the words, zoo and giraffe. Which word do we capitalize? I love the zoo (!) L ook at that tall giraffe (!)

68. Use Proper Punctuation Here is another group of words. What punctuation mark goes at the end of the sentences? When are we going to the store are we going to buy a toy

69. The Question Mark The question mark goes after the words store and toy. When are we going to the store (?) A re we going to buy a toy (?)

70. Assignment Fragments and Run-On Sentences Worksheet– Each of the sentences is either a fragment or a run-on. Rewrite the sentences or add punctuation marks so that they are grammatically correct.

71. Assignment Complete the Run on Sentences Worksheet. You must have at least four correct answers to show proficiency.

72. Review During this session, we reviewed the parts of speech, and had a parts of speech test. In addition we learned types of sentences, along with fragments and run-ons which are not complete sentences.

73. Break

74. Part 3 - The Idiom Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

75. “Pain in the Neck” “Pain in the neck” does not actually mean that your neck hurts. The idiom refers to things or people who are a bother or difficult. `Example: This test is a pain in the neck. (difficult)

76. Another Example Pain in the Neck Ted says his little brother is a pain in the neck. His brother yells while Ted is on the phone. He sneaks into his room when he is out. Ted says it is not fun when his little brother is bothering him.

77. Pain in the Neck Pain in the neck means _____________. someone who bothers others someone taller than you a blocked artery

78. Listen to your teachers. Do your work, and don’t be a pain in the neck!

79. This lesson has ended It was a pleasure to work with you today. During our next lesson, you will learn more about root words. You will learn new ways to diagram. In addition, you will learn a new Idiom of the Day.

80. This Lesson Has Ended Goodbye Until Next Time