1. Reforming American Society

2. Section 1: Religion Sparks Reform
The Second Great Awakening
Transcendentalism and Reform
Americans Form Ideal Communities
Schools and Prisons Undergo Reform

3. The Second Great
After 1790 Religious movement that rejected Calvinistic beliefs.
Involved emotional revival ceremonies.
Brought Christianity to slaves and reformed African American Churches.

4. Transcendentalism Started by Ralph Waldo Emerson in mid-1800’s.
Emphasized living simply and appreciating nature.

5. Thoreau and Civil Disobedience
“I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours…If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.”
What does this quote mean?

6. Unitarianism and Utopian Communities
Unitarianism Emphasized reason and appeals to conscience as the paths to perfection.
Utopian Communities Experimental groups that attempted to create perfect societies.

7. Dorothea Dix and Prison Reform
How did Dorothea Dix reform the prison system in the US?

8. How was American education reformed in the mid-1800’s?
School Reforms
How was American education reformed in the mid-1800’s?

9. Section 2: Slavery and Abolition
Abolitionists Speak Out
Life Under Slavery
Slave Owners Defend Slavery

10. Abolitionist Views
William Lloyd Garrison Pushed for immediate emancipation in The Liberator.
David Walker Advised blacks to FIGHT for freedom in Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.
Frederick Douglass Emphasized education as the path to freedom in The North Star.

11. Life Under Slavery VS. Rural Large plantations.
Worked from dawn to dusk.
Often abused by slave owners
Urban
Mills and ships.
Required more skilled labor.
Limited acts of cruelty.
VS.

12. Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)

13. Slave Owners Defend Slavery
Summarize the following:
Virginia Debate
Backlash from Revolts
Gag Rule

14. Section 3: Women and Reform
What role did these women play in the Women’s Rights Movement in the Mid-1800’s?
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Emma Willard
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth

15. Section 4: The Changing Workplace
Industry Changes Work
Farm Worker to Factory Worker
Workers Seek Better Conditions

16. Changes in Manufacturing
Rural Manufacturing
Cottage Industry materials provided for goods to be made at home.
Work seen as a family activity.
Early Factories
Division of labor among master, journeyman, and apprentice.
More efficient and less family oriented.

17. Working Conditions
Typical conditions: hot, dark, poor ventilation, and long work days.
Conditions continued to deteriorate in the 1830’s.
Eventually leads to strikes: “UNION IS POWER!”

18. Workers Seek Better Conditions
Explain how each of these things contributed to workers seeking better conditions:
Immigration
National Trades’ Union
Commonwealth v. Hunt