1. Reforming American Society 1820-1850

3. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?
Second Great Awakening: religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation and the need for personal and social improvement was emphasized
Rejected the idea of predestination
Promoted individualism and responsibility

4. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?
Second Great Awakening:(cont.)
Revivalism: emotional meetings designed to awaken religious faith through passionate preaching and prayer
Ex: Charles Grandison Finney

5. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?
Second Great Awakening:(cont.)
Enslaved African-American embrace Christianity
Baptist and Methodist churches were open to both blacks and whites
Free African-Americans establish churches
Richard Allen-Bethel African Church in Philadelphia

6. Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?
Reform of Asylums and Prisons:
Dorothea Dix:
Reported on the inhumane conditions in prisons and asylums
Result:
1843-laws passed at improving conditions
: Helped to set up hospitals for the mental ill
Focused on rehabilitation

8. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?
Rural Slavery:
Large plantation lifestyle
Endless labor
Strict conditions
Unskilled work
Urban Slavery:
Growth of cotton industry created a demand for slaves
Skilled laborers

9. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?
Nat Turner’s Rebellion:
Preacher that spurred on rebellion
1831- Turner attacked four plantations with 80 men
Result:
Rebellion put down by federal and state troops
Turner caught and put to death
Strengthened southern resolve to control their slaves

10. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?
A call to outlaw slavery
William Lloyd Garrison:
Editor of The Liberator
Called for emancipation (free of the slaves with no payment to slaveholders)
New England Anti-Slavery Society
National Anti-Slavery Society

11. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?
Abolitionist Movement: (cont.)
David Walker
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1829
Fight for freedom rather than waiting for slave owners to end slavery

12. Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?
Abolitionist Movement: (cont.)
Frederick Douglass:
Hoped political action could abolish slavery
The North Star

15. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?
Role of Women mid-1800’s:
Cult of domesticity
Focus on home and family
Activities restricted to housework and child care
No right to vote
No right to sit on a jury

16. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?
Women and the reform movement:
Sarah and Angelina Grimke-Abolitionists
An Appeal to Christian Women of the South
Raised money, literature, petitioned Congress
Temperance Movement:
An effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

17. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?
Women and the reform movement: (cont.)
Education:
Emma Willard- Troy Female Seminary 1821
Mary Lyon-Mount Holyoke Female Seminary 1837
Health:
Elizabeth Blackwell-New York Infirmary for Women and Children

18. Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?
Women’s Rights Movement:
Seneca Falls 1848:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Declaration of Sentiments- statement of grievances
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence